Problem Statement
Definition
Problem Statement
A problem statement is a short and clear description of a specific issue that needs to be solved. It explains what the problem is and what needs to be addressed
Note
A problem statement is a short, focused description that explains:
- What the issue is
- Who it affects
- Why it matters
Importance
- Keeps the project focused on real user needs
- Helps clarify goals, limitations, and constraints
- Provides a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the final solution
Characteristics of an Effective Problem Statement
- Clarity: The statement should be free of ambiguity, ensuring everyone involved understands the problem.
- Specificity: It should focus on a particular issue, avoiding vague or broad descriptions.
- Relevance: The problem should be directly related to the needs of the target audience or stakeholders.
- Actionable: The statement should suggest a clear path for design intervention.
Steps to Writing a Problem Statement
- Who has the problem?
- Identify the user or group affected.
- Be specific (e.g. "teen cyclists", not just "people")
- Use a persona if available
- Consider age, ability, environment, and context
- Based on primary/secondary research
- What is the issue or pain point?
- Describe the problem the user is experiencing.
- Focus on the task or interaction that causes difficulty
- Use observation or feedback (e.g. “users find it hard to open the lid”)
- Avoid vague terms like “it’s bad”
- Why does it matter?
- Explain the consequence of the problem.
- What impact does it have on the user’s life?
- Does it cause frustration, health risks, wasted time, or exclusion?
- This helps justify why the problem is worth solving
- Links back to empathy and user needs
- What is the design challenge?
- Outline what needs to change or be improved.
- Start with action words: improve, reduce, redesign, enhance
- Don’t suggest a specific solution yet
- Keep it open enough for creative thinking
- Make sure it’s something design can realistically solve
Common Mistake
- Too vague: Be specific about what needs improving
- Jumping to solutions: Describe the problem, not the fix
- Ignoring users: Make sure it's relevant to real user or stakeholder needs
The Role of Research in Problem Definition
A strong problem statement should be grounded in research.
- Primary research (e.g. interviews, surveys, observations) helps uncover real user needs and clarify the current situation.
- Secondary research adds broader context and supports deeper understanding of the issue.
Note
Research ensures that your problem statement is grounded in real-world evidence, not assumptions.
Self review
- Write a short problem statement based on a real issue faced by one of your peers (e.g. uncomfortable chairs, long canteen queues).
- Ensure your statement is based on research or user feedback, not just your own opinion, even if it's from a small sample group.
