Task Analysis for User Understanding
Definition
Task Analysis
Task analysis is the process of observing and studying a user as they perform a task, to understand how they interact with a product or system. The goal is to identify steps, challenges, and opportunities for improvement in the user experience.
Note
Task analysis is not just about observing what users do, it's about understanding why they do it and how they feel during the process.
Why Is Task Analysis Important?
- Empathy Building: Helps designers understand the user's perspective.
- Identifying Pain Points: Reveals areas where users struggle or experience frustration.
- Design Improvement: Provides insights into how a product or system can be optimised.
Steps in Task Analysis
- Define the Task: Clearly outline the task you want to analyze.
- Observe Users: Watch users perform the task in their natural environment.
- Break Down the Task: Divide the task into smaller, manageable steps.
- Identify Critical Points: Highlight areas where users face challenges or where improvements can be made.
- Document Findings: Record observations, insights, and potential design solutions.
Analogy
- Think of task analysis like a detective solving a mystery.
- You break down the clues (steps) to understand the bigger picture (user experience) and identify where things go wrong (pain points).
Techniques for Task Analysis
| Method | Focus | Insights Provided | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| HTA (Hierarchical Task Analysis) | Physical tasks, steps, and sub-tasks | What does the user do? | Mapping each step a user takes to book a flight on a travel website |
| Cognitive Task Analysis | Mental processes, decision-making, memory | What is the user thinking? | Analysing how a driver decides when to change lanes in busy traffic |
| Workflow Analysis | Task sequence and flow | What are the bottlenecks and inefficiencies | Hospital check-in process |
Tip
- When conducting task analysis, pay attention to both physical and cognitive tasks.
- This holistic approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of user interactions.
Self review
- Identify a task you perform regularly (e.g., making a cup of tea, getting lunch at the canteen).
- Break it down into steps and identify any pain points or areas for improvement.
