Physical Prototypes for Development
What Physical Prototypes Help Designers Test
| Factor | Purpose of Testing | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Scale | Assess whether the size and proportions are appropriate | Holding a model smartphone to test thumb reach |
| Aesthetics | Explore surface finish, shape, and colour appeal | Reviewing car dashboard texture and trim colour |
| Materials | Trial structural integrity, flexibility, texture, or sustainability | Testing 3D-printed casing vs. injection moulded ABS |
| Function | Check how the product operates or performs tasks | Building a prototype door handle to test the mechanism |
| Performance | Evaluate durability, wear, comfort, or real-world reliability | Using a prototype running shoe for test wear over 2 weeks |
- Physical prototypes are not just about testing functionality.
- They also help designers understand how a product will be perceived and used in the real world.
Types of Physical Prototypes
Mock Up
Definition
Mock-up
A rough or basic model, often made from inexpensive materials, used to explore form or function quickly.
- Typically used for testing size, proportions, ergonomics, and basic layout.
- Quick to build using cheap or recycled materials (e.g. cardboard, foam)
- Prioritises speed over accuracy
- Encourages early feedback and iteration
- May be full-scale or rough approximation
Scale Model
Definition
Scale Model
A proportionally scaled-down (or up) version of the product, often non-functional.
- Typically used to test proportions, spatial relationships, and overall design.
- Maintains proportions, but not size.
- Often used when full-size models are impractical (e.g. architecture, vehicle design).
- Can help stakeholders visualise spatial layout.
- May be static or partially interactive.
Aesthetic Model
Definition
Aesthetic Model
A high-fidelity, non-functional model used to represent the final appearance.
- Typically used for evaluating colour, finish, form, and brand appeal.
