Physical and Virtual Prototyping
The Purpose of Prototyping
- Validation: Ensures the design meets user needs and functional requirements.
- Iteration: Allows designers to refine and improve the product through feedback.
- Communication: Serves as a tangible or visual representation to convey ideas to stakeholders.
- Risk Reduction: Identifies potential issues early in the development process.
Physical Prototyping
Definition
Physical Prototype
A tangible, real-world model of a product, built using physical materials.
- Used to test form, ergonomics, weight, scale, and real-world interaction.
- Allow hands-on testing by users and stakeholders - tactile feedback.
- Useful in evaluating fit, movement, or assembly of parts.
- Often used in later design stages or when user interaction is critical.
Virtual (Digital) Prototyping
Definition
Virtual Prototypes
Virtual prototypes are digital models created using software tools like CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and simulation programs.
- Useful for testing geometry, motion, tolerance, and aesthetics.
- Can be used to run simulations (e.g. stress, airflow, heat distribution).
- Easily shared, modified, and reused.
- Common in early development stages and cost-sensitive projects.
- Can be easily shared and reviewed by teams across different locations.
Note
Many designers use a combination of physical and virtual prototyping to leverage the strengths of both methods.
| Feature | Physical Prototype | Virtual Prototype |
|---|---|---|
| Form | Tangible, real object | Digital/simulated model |
| Test | Ergonomics, function, interaction | Structure, motion, forces, heat, etc. |
| Cost | Often higher (materials/tools) | Lower (but requires software & skills) |
| Iteration speed | Slower | Fast and easily editable |
| Best for | User testing, physical fit and feel | Early testing, digital collaboration, analysis |
