Notes for A.4.2 Object-Oriented vs. Relational Databases - IB | RevisionDojo
A.4.2 Object-Oriented vs. Relational Databases Notes
Relational databases have been the standard for decades, but object-oriented databases (OODBMS) offer a different approach that aligns more closely with modern programming paradigms.
This section evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of both models, focusing on data definition, manipulation, and integration.
Relational Databases
Data Definition:
Tables and Schemas:Data is organized into tables, each with a predefined schema.
Normalization: Ensures data integrity by minimizing redundancy.
Data Manipulation:
SQL Queries:Structured Query Language (SQL) is used to insert, update, delete, and retrieve data.
ACID Properties: Ensures transactions are Atomic, Consistent, Isolated, and Durable.
Data Integration:
Interoperability:Relational databases are widely supported and can integrate with various applications.
Standardization:SQL is a universal language for relational databases.
Example
Data Definition
A table for students might include fields like StudentID, Name, and Age.
Relationships between tables are established using foreign keys.
Data Manipulation
To retrieve all students in a specific class, an SQL query like: `SELECT * FROM Students WHERE ClassID = 101` is used.
Note
Relational databases struggle with complexdata types like images or hierarchical structures.
Object-Oriented Databases
Data Definition:
Objects and Classes:Data is stored as objects, mirroring the structure of object-oriented programming languages.
Inheritance:Classes can inherit properties from other classes, promoting reusability.
Data Manipulation:
Object Queries:Data is manipulated using methods defined in the class.
No Impedance Mismatch: Eliminates the need to convert objects into tables, streamlining development.
Data Integration:
Seamless Integration: Works naturally with object-oriented programming languages.
Complex Data Types: Handles multimedia, nested objects, and hierarchical data effortlessly.
Example
Data Definition: A Student class might inherit from a Person class, automatically gaining attributes like Name and Age.
Data Manipulation: To update a student's age, a method like student.setAge(20) is used, directly modifying the object.
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Note
Introduction to Database Models
Relational databases have been the standard for decades, but object-oriented databases (OODBMS) offer a different approach that aligns more closely with modern programming paradigms.
This section evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of both models, focusing on data definition, manipulation, and integration.
DefinitionRelational DatabaseA database model that organizes data into tables with predefined schemas and uses SQL for data manipulation.DefinitionObject-Oriented DatabaseA database model that stores data as objects, mirroring the structure of object-oriented programming languages.AnalogyThink of a relational database like a well-organized filing cabinet with labeled folders (tables), while an object-oriented database is like a collection of objects in a programming language, each with its own properties and methods.
