Notes for A.4.1 Characteristics of Different Database Models - IB | RevisionDojo
A.4.1 Characteristics of Different Database Models Notes
Relational Databases
Characteristics
Table-Based Structure:Data is organized into tables (relations) consisting of rows (records) and columns (attributes).
Primary Keys: Each table has a unique identifier called a primary key, ensuring that each record is distinct.
Foreign Keys:Relationships between tables are established using foreign keys, which reference primary keys in other tables.
Normalization:Data is structured to minimize redundancy and ensure data integrity through a process called normalization.
Structured Query Language (SQL):SQL is used to query, update, and manage data.
Example
A library database might have tables for Books, Authors, and Borrowers.
The Books table could have a foreign key linking to the Authors table, establishing a relationship between books and their authors.
Advantages
Data Integrity: Ensured through constraints like primary and foreign keys.
Flexibility: Easy to modify the schema without affecting existing data.
Scalability: Suitable for large-scale applications.
Limitations
Complexity: Managing relationships and ensuring normalization can be challenging.
Performance:Joins between tables can slow down queries in large databases.
Object-Oriented Databases
Characteristics
Object-Based Structure:Data is stored as objects, similar to programming languages like Java or C++.
Classes and Inheritance:Objects are instances of classes, which can inherit properties and methods from other classes.
Encapsulation:Data and behavior are bundled together, promoting modularity.
Complex Data Types: Supports storage of complex data types like images, audio, and video.
Example
In a multimedia database, a Video object might include attributes like title, duration, and resolution, along with methods for playback and editing.
Advantages
Seamless Integration: Works well with object-oriented programming languages.
Complex Data Handling: Efficiently manages complex and multimedia data.
Reusability:Classes and objects can be reused across applications.
Limitations
Learning Curve: Requires understanding of object-oriented concepts.
Limited Adoption: Less widely used compared to relational databases.
Network Databases
Characteristics
Graph-Based Structure:Data is organized as a network of records connected by pointers.
Many-to-Many Relationships: Supports complex relationships between records.
Hierarchical Links:Records can have multiple parent and child records.
Example
In a supply chain database, a Supplier record might be linked to multiple Product records, and each Product could be linked to multiple Warehouse records.
Advantages
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Note
Introduction to Database Models
A database model is a logical structure that determines how data is stored, organized, and accessed within a database system. Different models are designed to meet specific needs and use cases.
Think of a database model as a blueprint for how data is organized, similar to how a building blueprint shows the layout of rooms and spaces.
Just as different buildings serve different purposes (e.g., houses, offices, schools), different database models are suited for different types of data and applications.
DefinitionDatabase ModelA logical structure that defines how data is stored, organized, and accessed in a database system.
AnalogyImagine a database model as a filing system. Just as you might organize files in folders, binders, or drawers depending on your needs, database models provide different ways to organize and access data.
