Computer System Components
Hardware
Hardware
The physical parts of a computer system, including internal components like the CPU and RAM, and external devices like monitors, keyboards, and printers.
Hardware consists of the tangible elements you can see and touch.
ExampleSome most common examples of hardware:
- Central Processing Unit (CPU): The "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing instructions.
- Memory: Includes RAM (Random Access Memory) for temporary data storage and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent instructions.
- Storage Devices: Hard drives, SSDs, and optical drives that store data and software.
- Motherboard: The main circuit board connecting all components.
- Power Supply: Converts electrical energy to power the system.
- Cooling Systems: Fans and heat sinks to prevent overheating.
Hardware is essential for a computer to function, but it requires software to perform specific tasks.
Software
Software
A set of programs, instructions, or data that directs computer operation and allows it to execute specific tasks
Software is intangible and exists in the form of code.
Software can be classified into several types:
- System Software: Includes operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux) that manage hardware and provide a platform for applications.
- Application Software: Programs designed for specific tasks, such as word processors, web browsers, and games.
- Utility Software: Tools that perform maintenance tasks, like antivirus programs and disk cleaners.
Software is useless without hardware to run it, and hardware is ineffective without software to guide its operations.
Peripherals: Extending System Capabilities
Peripheral
An external device connected to a computer that adds functionality, such as input (e.g., keyboard), output (e.g., headphones), or both (e.g., touchscreen)
Peripheral devices are not part of the core system but are essential for specific tasks.
We can divide them into different categories:
- Input Devices: Allow users to enter data (e.g., keyboards, mice, scanners).
- Output Devices: Display or produce results (e.g., monitors, printers, speakers).
- Storage Devices: External drives and USB flash drives for additional storage.
- Communication Devices: Network cards and modems for internet connectivity.
