IB Computer Science Topic 1.2.1 Components of a Computer System Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Computer Science Topic 1.2.1 Components of a Computer System Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Computer System Components

Hardware

Definition

Hardware

The physical parts of a computer system, including internal components like the CPU and RAM, and external devices like monitors, keyboards, and printers.

Hardware consists of the tangible elements you can see and touch.

Example

Some most common examples of hardware:

Central Processing Unit (CPU): The "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing instructions.
Memory: Includes RAM (Random Access Memory) for temporary data storage and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent instructions.
Storage Devices: Hard drives, SSDs, and optical drives that store data and software.
Motherboard: The main circuit board connecting all components.
Power Supply: Converts electrical energy to power the system.
Cooling Systems: Fans and heat sinks to prevent overheating.

Note

Hardware is essential for a computer to function, but it requires software to perform specific tasks.

Software

Definition

Software

A set of programs, instructions, or data that directs computer operation and allows it to execute specific tasks

Software is intangible and exists in the form of code.

Software can be classified into several types:

System Software: Includes operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux) that manage hardware and provide a platform for applications.
Application Software: Programs designed for specific tasks, such as word processors, web browsers, and games.
Utility Software: Tools that perform maintenance tasks, like antivirus programs and disk cleaners.

Note

Software is useless without hardware to run it, and hardware is ineffective without software to guide its operations.

Peripherals: Extending System Capabilities

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Computer System Components

Hardware

Definition

Hardware

The physical parts of a computer system, including internal components like the CPU and RAM, and external devices like monitors, keyboards, and printers.

Hardware consists of the tangible elements you can see and touch.

Example

Some most common examples of hardware:

Central Processing Unit (CPU): The "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing instructions.
Memory: Includes RAM (Random Access Memory) for temporary data storage and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent instructions.
Storage Devices: Hard drives, SSDs, and optical drives that store data and software.
Motherboard: The main circuit board connecting all components.
Power Supply: Converts electrical energy to power the system.
Cooling Systems: Fans and heat sinks to prevent overheating.

Note

Hardware is essential for a computer to function, but it requires software to perform specific tasks.

Software

Definition

Software

A set of programs, instructions, or data that directs computer operation and allows it to execute specific tasks

Software is intangible and exists in the form of code.

Software can be classified into several types:

System Software: Includes operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux) that manage hardware and provide a platform for applications.
Application Software: Programs designed for specific tasks, such as word processors, web browsers, and games.
Utility Software: Tools that perform maintenance tasks, like antivirus programs and disk cleaners.

Note

Software is useless without hardware to run it, and hardware is ineffective without software to guide its operations.

Peripherals: Extending System Capabilities

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

1. System fundamentals2 subtopics

2. Computer organization1 subtopic

3. Networks1 subtopic

4. Computational thinking, problem-solving and programming3 subtopics

5. Abstract data structures (HL)1 subtopic

6. Resource management (HL)1 subtopic

7. Control (HL)1 subtopic

A. Databases4 subtopics

B. Modelling and simulation4 subtopics

C. Web science6 subtopics

D. Object-oriented programming (OOP)4 subtopics

IB Computer Science 1.2.1 Components of a Computer System Notes

1. System fundamentals2 subtopics

2. Computer organization1 subtopic

3. Networks1 subtopic

4. Computational thinking, problem-solving and programming3 subtopics

5. Abstract data structures (HL)1 subtopic

6. Resource management (HL)1 subtopic

7. Control (HL)1 subtopic

A. Databases4 subtopics

B. Modelling and simulation4 subtopics

C. Web science6 subtopics

D. Object-oriented programming (OOP)4 subtopics

Computer System Components

Hardware

Software

Peripherals: Extending System Capabilities

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Computer System Components

Hardware

Software

Peripherals: Extending System Capabilities

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account