IB Chemistry S3.2.8 Mass Spectrometry Notes

How Does Mass Spectrometry Work?

Mass spectrometry operates through three fundamental steps: ionization, separation, and detection.

Each step plays a critical role in generating a mass spectrum.

Ionization:

The sample is bombarded with high-energy electrons, causing the molecule to lose an electron and form a positively charged ion, known as the molecular ion (M⁺).
This ion may remain intact or fragment into smaller ions.

Separation:

The ions are accelerated into a magnetic field, where they are separated based on their mass-to-charge ratio ($m/z$).
Since most ions have a charge of +1, the $m/z$ value typically corresponds to the ion’s mass.

Detection:

A detector measures the abundance of ions at each $m/z$ value, producing a mass spectrum, a graph with $m/z$ values on the x-axis and relative abundance on the y-axis.

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IB Chemistry S3.2.8 Mass Spectrometry Notes

Mass Spectrometry (MS) of Organic Compounds

How Does Mass Spectrometry Work?

The Molecular Ion (M⁺): A Key Starting Point

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Mass Spectrometry (MS) of Organic Compounds

How Does Mass Spectrometry Work?

The Molecular Ion (M⁺): A Key Starting Point

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Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

IB Chemistry S3.2.8 Mass Spectrometry Notes

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

Mass Spectrometry (MS) of Organic Compounds

How Does Mass Spectrometry Work?

The Molecular Ion (M⁺): A Key Starting Point

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Mass Spectrometry (MS) of Organic Compounds

How Does Mass Spectrometry Work?

The Molecular Ion (M⁺): A Key Starting Point

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