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Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction where hydrogen ($H_2$) is added to an unsaturated compound. This reaction is classified as a reduction because the molecule gains hydrogen atoms, reducing its degree of unsaturation.
Resonance
Resonance arises from the delocalization of electrons, where electrons are not confined to a single bond or atom but are spread across multiple atoms in a molecule.
Resonance energy
Resonance energy refers to the additional stability a molecule gains due to electron delocalization.