IB Chemistry Topic S2.2.12 Benzene Revision Notes (HL)

IB Chemistry Topic S2.2.12 Benzene Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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Structure of Benzene: Resonance and Delocalization

In the previous article S2.2.11, we briefly covered the resonance structure of benzene.

Definition

Resonance

Resonance arises from the delocalization of electrons, where electrons are not confined to a single bond or atom but are spread across multiple atoms in a molecule.

Resonance and Delocalization in Benzene

Benzene is best described using resonance theory.
For benzene, two resonance structures exist where the double bonds shift positions around the ring.
However, benzene's true structure is better described as a hybrid of these forms where the electrons are delocalized across all six carbon atoms.
This means the π-electrons from the double bonds are shared equally over the entire ring, rather than being confined to specific bonds.

Experimental Evidence for Benzene's Structure

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Structure of Benzene: Resonance and Delocalization

In the previous article S2.2.11, we briefly covered the resonance structure of benzene.

Definition

Resonance

Resonance arises from the delocalization of electrons, where electrons are not confined to a single bond or atom but are spread across multiple atoms in a molecule.

Resonance and Delocalization in Benzene

Benzene is best described using resonance theory.
For benzene, two resonance structures exist where the double bonds shift positions around the ring.
However, benzene's true structure is better described as a hybrid of these forms where the electrons are delocalized across all six carbon atoms.
This means the π-electrons from the double bonds are shared equally over the entire ring, rather than being confined to specific bonds.

Experimental Evidence for Benzene's Structure

Definition

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Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

IB Chemistry S2.2.12 Benzene Notes

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

Structure of Benzene: Resonance and Delocalization

Resonance and Delocalization in Benzene

Experimental Evidence for Benzene's Structure

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Structure of Benzene: Resonance and Delocalization

Resonance and Delocalization in Benzene

Experimental Evidence for Benzene's Structure

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account