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Carbocation
A carbocation is a carbon atom that carries a positive charge, formed when a bond is broken heterolytically, leaving the carbon electron-deficient.
Electrophile
An electrophile is a species that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond.
Markovnikov's rule
When a hydrogen halide (HX) adds to an unsymmetrical alkene, the hydrogen atom attaches to the carbon with more hydrogen atoms, while the halogen attaches to the carbon with fewer hydrogen atoms.