Leaving group
A leaving group is an atom or group of atoms that detaches during a substitution reaction.
In nucleophilic substitution reactions, the nucleophile donates an electron pair to the electron-deficient carbon atom of the halogenoalkane, while the leaving group departs with the bonding electrons.
$$ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} + \text{OH}^- \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + \text{Cl}^- $$
Here, the hydroxide ion ($ \text{OH}^- $) replaces the chlorine atom, and the chloride ion ($ \text{Cl}^- $) becomes the leaving group.
When evaluating leaving groups, prioritize both bond strength and the stability of the anion formed after leaving.
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