Notes for R2.2.2 Collision theory - IB | RevisionDojo
R2.2.2 Collision theory Notes
Collision Theory and Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
Key Principles of Collision Theory
Collisions Are Necessary for Reactions
For a chemical reaction to occur, reactant particles must collide. However, not all collisions result in a reaction.
Unsuccessful Collisions: Most collisions do not lead to a reaction. Particles may simply bounce off one another without any changes.
Successful Collisions: These occur only when two critical conditions are met:
Sufficient Energy: Particles must collide with enough energy to overcome the activation energy ($E_a$), the minimum energy required to break bonds and initiate a reaction.
Correct Orientation: Particles must align in a specific way for the bonds to break and reform into new products.
Common Mistake
Many students incorrectly assume that all collisions result in a reaction.
Remember: only collisions with both sufficient energy and proper orientation are successful.
Kinetic Energy and Temperature
The kinetic energy of particles increases with temperature (measured in Kelvin).
At higher temperatures, particles move faster, collide more frequently, and with greater energy.
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Question 1
Recap question
When the temperature of a reacting gas mixture is increased from T1 to T2, which statement best describes the effect on molecular collisions, according to collision theory?
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Note
Collision Theory
The collision theory is a fundamental concept in chemistry that explains how and why chemical reactions occur. It states that for a reaction to happen, particles must collide with each other under specific conditions.
Not all collisions lead to reactions; only a small fraction are successful.
Three essential criteria for a successful collision:
Sufficient energy
Correct orientation
Collision frequency
AnalogyThink of a chemical reaction like unlocking a door. You need the right key (energy), insert it the right way (orientation), and actually try to turn it (collision). Just having the key isn't enough!
DefinitionCollision TheoryThe theory that states particles must collide with sufficient energy and correct orientation for a reaction to occur.
