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Heat
Heat is the energy transferred between a system and its surroundings due to a temperature difference.
Surroundings
Surroundings are everything outside the system that interacts with it (e.g., the reaction flask, water bath, or air).
System
The system is the specific part of the universe under study (e.g., the reactants and products involved in the reaction).
Temperature
Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system.