Phenotype Reflects the Observable Traits of an Organism
Definition
Phenotype
The phenotype of an organism refers to its observable traits or characteristics, which result from the interaction between its genetic makeup (genotype) and the environment.
- These traits can be structural (e.g., eye color), functional (e.g., blood clotting speed), or behavioral (e.g., language spoken).
- While some traits are purely genetic, many result from the dynamic interaction between genes and the environment.
Traits determined solely by genotype are often used in forensic science because they remain unchanged throughout an individual's life.
Traits Categorized by Their Determining Factors
Phenotypic traits can be classified based on whether they are determined solely by genotype, solely by the environment, or by a combination of both.
| Genotype Only | Environment and Genotype | Environment Only |
|---|---|---|
| Eye color—brown or blue/grey | Height in humans | Scars from surgery or wounds |
| ABO blood group | Skin color (affected by sun exposure) | River blindness (caused by environmental parasites) |
| Haemophilia—blood slow to clot | Diabetes (affected by lifestyle and genetics) | Language or accent |
