D2.2.5 Differences between the genome, transcriptome and proteome of individual cells
D2.2.5 Differences between the genome, transcriptome and proteome of individual cells Notes
Comparing the Genome, Transcriptome, and Proteome
Every cell in an organism contains the same genome (complete set of genetic instructions).
However, no cell expresses all of its genes.
Tip
The pattern of gene expression in a cell determines how it differentiates.
The Genome, Transcriptome, and Proteome
Genome: The complete set of DNA in a cell (same in all cells).
Transcriptome: The complete set of RNA molecules transcribed from the genome at a specific time (varies between cells).
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Questions
Recap questions
1 of 5
Question 1
Recap question
If you want to assess the immediate functional state of a cell—i.e., which tasks it is performing at a given moment—which layer provides the most direct information and why?
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Note
Before diving into the specifics of the genome, transcriptome, and proteome, let's establish a foundational analogy:
Imagine a library (genome) containing every book ever written.
A librarian selects certain books to display (transcriptome).
Readers use these books to create projects (proteome).
DefinitionCentral Dogma of Molecular BiologyThe flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, forming the basis of cellular function.
AnalogyIf the genome is a library, the transcriptome is a curated book display, and the proteome is the projects created from those books.
ExampleA liver cell and a neuron have the same genome but different transcriptomes and proteomes, leading to their distinct functions.