IB Biology Topic C4.1.14 Tests for Interspecific Competition Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Biology Topic C4.1.14 Tests for Interspecific Competition Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Competition Is Shown by Testing What Happens When a Competitor Is Removed

Definition

Interspecific competition

Interspecific competition occurs when two or more species vie for the same limited resources, such as food, space, or light.

Interspecific competition happens when two species need the same limited resource.
To test for it, scientists combine field observations with controlled experiments that isolate the effect of one species on another.
The strongest evidence comes from removing one species and seeing whether the other expands into the space or resources it left behind.

The Niche Concept Explains Why Competition Occurs

Fundamental niche
1. The full range of conditions and resources a species could use with no competitors present.
Realized niche
1. The narrower range a species actually occupies once competitors restrict it.
This gives testers a clear prediction: if competition is real, removing a competitor should let a species expand its realized niche toward its fundamental niche.

Note

The realized niche is always equal to or smaller than the fundamental niche.
The gap between the two is the space that competition takes away.

Gause's Paramecium: Competitive Exclusion in the Lab

The competitive exclusion principle states that two species cannot occupy exactly the same niche indefinitely, one will outcompete the other.
Gause grew Paramecium aurelia and P. caudatum in laboratory cultures.
1. Grown separately, both species survived and grew well.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Competition Is Shown by Testing What Happens When a Competitor Is Removed

Definition

Interspecific competition

Interspecific competition occurs when two or more species vie for the same limited resources, such as food, space, or light.

Interspecific competition happens when two species need the same limited resource.
To test for it, scientists combine field observations with controlled experiments that isolate the effect of one species on another.
The strongest evidence comes from removing one species and seeing whether the other expands into the space or resources it left behind.

The Niche Concept Explains Why Competition Occurs

Fundamental niche
1. The full range of conditions and resources a species could use with no competitors present.
Realized niche
1. The narrower range a species actually occupies once competitors restrict it.
This gives testers a clear prediction: if competition is real, removing a competitor should let a species expand its realized niche toward its fundamental niche.

Note

The realized niche is always equal to or smaller than the fundamental niche.
The gap between the two is the space that competition takes away.

Gause's Paramecium: Competitive Exclusion in the Lab

The competitive exclusion principle states that two species cannot occupy exactly the same niche indefinitely, one will outcompete the other.
Gause grew Paramecium aurelia and P. caudatum in laboratory cultures.
1. Grown separately, both species survived and grew well.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic C4.1.14: Tests for Interspecific Competition Notes

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

Competition Is Shown by Testing What Happens When a Competitor Is Removed

The Niche Concept Explains Why Competition Occurs

Gause's Paramecium: Competitive Exclusion in the Lab

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Competition Is Shown by Testing What Happens When a Competitor Is Removed

The Niche Concept Explains Why Competition Occurs

Gause's Paramecium: Competitive Exclusion in the Lab

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account