IB Biology Topic C2.1.4 Chemical Diversity of Hormones and Neurotransmitters Revision Notes (HL)

IB Biology Topic C2.1.4 Chemical Diversity of Hormones and Neurotransmitters Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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Chemical Class Sets a Messenger's Solubility, and Solubility Decides Where Its Receptor Sits

Hormones and neurotransmitters are chemically diverse, and they fall into a few broad classes based on their structure.
The three main classes are amines and amino acid derivatives, peptides and proteins, and steroids.
A messenger's chemical class fixes whether it is hydrophilic (water-soluble) or lipophilic (lipid-soluble).

Definition

Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitters are chemical signals used by neurons to communicate across synapses, the tiny gaps between nerve cells or between nerve cells and other target cells.

Three Chemical Classes Cover Almost Every Hormone and Neurotransmitter

Amines and amino acid derivatives
1. These are small molecules made by modifying a single amino acid, and most are hydrophilic.
2. Examples include the hormones adrenaline (epinephrine) and thyroxine, and the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin.
Peptides and proteins

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Chemical Class Sets a Messenger's Solubility, and Solubility Decides Where Its Receptor Sits

Hormones and neurotransmitters are chemically diverse, and they fall into a few broad classes based on their structure.
The three main classes are amines and amino acid derivatives, peptides and proteins, and steroids.
A messenger's chemical class fixes whether it is hydrophilic (water-soluble) or lipophilic (lipid-soluble).

Definition

Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitters are chemical signals used by neurons to communicate across synapses, the tiny gaps between nerve cells or between nerve cells and other target cells.

Three Chemical Classes Cover Almost Every Hormone and Neurotransmitter

Amines and amino acid derivatives
1. These are small molecules made by modifying a single amino acid, and most are hydrophilic.
2. Examples include the hormones adrenaline (epinephrine) and thyroxine, and the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin.
Peptides and proteins

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic C2.1.4: Chemical Diversity of Hormones and Neurotransmitters Notes

Chemical Class Sets a Messenger's Solubility, and Solubility Decides Where Its Receptor Sits

Three Chemical Classes Cover Almost Every Hormone and Neurotransmitter

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Chemical Class Sets a Messenger's Solubility, and Solubility Decides Where Its Receptor Sits

Three Chemical Classes Cover Almost Every Hormone and Neurotransmitter

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics