IB Biology Topic C2.1.10 Mechanism of Action of Epinephrine (adrenaline) Receptors Revision Notes (HL)

IB Biology Topic C2.1.10 Mechanism of Action of Epinephrine (adrenaline) Receptors Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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Epinephrine Triggers a Fast Fight-or-Flight Response Through a cAMP Cascade

When you face stress or danger, your adrenal glands release epinephrine (adrenaline) into the blood.
It reaches target cells in the heart, liver, and muscles and produces the fight-or-flight response within seconds.
Epinephrine cannot enter the cell, so it acts through a beta-adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptor and a second messenger called cyclic AMP (cAMP).

Definition

Epinephrine

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal glands.

Hint

The terms adrenaline and epinephrine mean the same molecule.
Adrenaline is more common globally, while epinephrine is standard in North America.
Both names simply mean at or above the kidney, where the adrenal glands sit.

The Signal Passes Through the Membrane in a Set Sequence of Steps

Epinephrine binds the beta-adrenergic receptor, which changes the receptor's shape.
The activated receptor triggers a nearby Gs protein, causing its alpha subunit to swap GDP for GTP.
1. The GTP-bound alpha subunit then breaks away from the beta-gamma pair.
The alpha subunit activates the enzyme adenylyl cyclase in the membrane.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Epinephrine Triggers a Fast Fight-or-Flight Response Through a cAMP Cascade

When you face stress or danger, your adrenal glands release epinephrine (adrenaline) into the blood.
It reaches target cells in the heart, liver, and muscles and produces the fight-or-flight response within seconds.
Epinephrine cannot enter the cell, so it acts through a beta-adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptor and a second messenger called cyclic AMP (cAMP).

Definition

Epinephrine

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal glands.

Hint

The terms adrenaline and epinephrine mean the same molecule.
Adrenaline is more common globally, while epinephrine is standard in North America.
Both names simply mean at or above the kidney, where the adrenal glands sit.

The Signal Passes Through the Membrane in a Set Sequence of Steps

Epinephrine binds the beta-adrenergic receptor, which changes the receptor's shape.
The activated receptor triggers a nearby Gs protein, causing its alpha subunit to swap GDP for GTP.
1. The GTP-bound alpha subunit then breaks away from the beta-gamma pair.
The alpha subunit activates the enzyme adenylyl cyclase in the membrane.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic C2.1.10: Mechanism of Action of Epinephrine (adrenaline) Receptors Notes

Epinephrine Triggers a Fast Fight-or-Flight Response Through a cAMP Cascade

The Signal Passes Through the Membrane in a Set Sequence of Steps

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Epinephrine Triggers a Fast Fight-or-Flight Response Through a cAMP Cascade

The Signal Passes Through the Membrane in a Set Sequence of Steps

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics