IB Biology Topic B3.3.5 Roles of Skeletons as Anchorage for Muscles and as Levers Revision Notes (HL)

IB Biology Topic B3.3.5 Roles of Skeletons as Anchorage for Muscles and as Levers Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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Skeletons Anchor Muscles and Act as Levers

Definition

Skeleton

A skeleton is a hard framework that protects the animal's body.

There are two main types of skeleton:
1. Exoskeletons: external, found in arthropods, made of chitin.
2. Endoskeletons: internal, found in vertebrates, made of bone.

Note

Exoskeletons must be shed and replaced during growth, a process called moulting.
The organism is temporarily vulnerable to predators and stress while its new exoskeleton hardens.

Two Types of Skeleton

Exoskeletons
1. Found in arthropods such as insects and crustaceans.
2. An external structure of chitin that protects the body and anchors muscles.
Endoskeletons
1. Found in vertebrates such as humans and cheetahs.
2. An internal framework of bones that grows with the organism.

Example

In a grasshopper, leg muscles attach to the exoskeleton, powering its leaps.
In a cheetah, muscles anchor to the long leg bones, enabling high running speeds.

Skeletons as Anchorage Points for Muscles

Origins and insertions
1. Origin: the fixed attachment point, on a bone that does not move during contraction.

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Tip

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
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Skeletons Anchor Muscles and Act as Levers

Definition

Skeleton

A skeleton is a hard framework that protects the animal's body.

There are two main types of skeleton:
1. Exoskeletons: external, found in arthropods, made of chitin.
2. Endoskeletons: internal, found in vertebrates, made of bone.

Note

Exoskeletons must be shed and replaced during growth, a process called moulting.
The organism is temporarily vulnerable to predators and stress while its new exoskeleton hardens.

Two Types of Skeleton

Exoskeletons
1. Found in arthropods such as insects and crustaceans.
2. An external structure of chitin that protects the body and anchors muscles.
Endoskeletons
1. Found in vertebrates such as humans and cheetahs.
2. An internal framework of bones that grows with the organism.

Example

In a grasshopper, leg muscles attach to the exoskeleton, powering its leaps.
In a cheetah, muscles anchor to the long leg bones, enabling high running speeds.

Skeletons as Anchorage Points for Muscles

Origins and insertions
1. Origin: the fixed attachment point, on a bone that does not move during contraction.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic B3.3.5: Roles of Skeletons as Anchorage for Muscles and as Levers Notes

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

Skeletons Anchor Muscles and Act as Levers

Two Types of Skeleton

Skeletons as Anchorage Points for Muscles

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Skeletons Anchor Muscles and Act as Levers

Two Types of Skeleton

Skeletons as Anchorage Points for Muscles

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account