IB Biology Topic B2.3.4 Differences Between Totipotent, Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Biology Topic B2.3.4 Differences Between Totipotent, Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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Stem Cell Potency: The Range of Cell Types a Stem Cell Can Become

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can keep dividing and can differentiate into specialised cell types.
The range of cell types a stem cell can form defines its potency.
There are three types of potency, each with a different range and a different home in the body.
1. Totipotent cells can form a whole organism, including extra-embryonic tissue.
2. Pluripotent cells can form any body cell type but not a whole organism.
3. Multipotent cells can form only a limited range of cells within one lineage.

Totipotent Cells Can Build the Entire Organism, Including the Placenta

Definition

Totipotent Stem Cells

These are the most potent type of stem cells, meaning they have the ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body, as well as extra-embryonic tissues (such as the placenta). They can form an entire organism.

Location
1. The zygote and the cells of the early embryo (blastomeres) are totipotent.
2. Totipotency is lost after the first few divisions as cells begin to specialise.
Function
1. Totipotent cells divide to form the embryo and the extra-embryonic tissues such as the placenta and umbilical cord.
2. This is why they can give rise to a complete organism, not just its body cells.

Example

In Dolly the sheep, the nucleus of a differentiated adult somatic cell was transferred into an enucleated egg.
This is called somatic cell nuclear transfer.
The egg reprogrammed the transferred nucleus back to totipotency, and it then developed into a complete sheep.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
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Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
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Stem Cell Potency: The Range of Cell Types a Stem Cell Can Become

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can keep dividing and can differentiate into specialised cell types.
The range of cell types a stem cell can form defines its potency.
There are three types of potency, each with a different range and a different home in the body.
1. Totipotent cells can form a whole organism, including extra-embryonic tissue.
2. Pluripotent cells can form any body cell type but not a whole organism.
3. Multipotent cells can form only a limited range of cells within one lineage.

Totipotent Cells Can Build the Entire Organism, Including the Placenta

Definition

Totipotent Stem Cells

Location
1. The zygote and the cells of the early embryo (blastomeres) are totipotent.
2. Totipotency is lost after the first few divisions as cells begin to specialise.
Function
1. Totipotent cells divide to form the embryo and the extra-embryonic tissues such as the placenta and umbilical cord.
2. This is why they can give rise to a complete organism, not just its body cells.

Example

In Dolly the sheep, the nucleus of a differentiated adult somatic cell was transferred into an enucleated egg.
This is called somatic cell nuclear transfer.
The egg reprogrammed the transferred nucleus back to totipotency, and it then developed into a complete sheep.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic B2.3.4: Differences Between Totipotent, Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells Notes

Stem Cell Potency: The Range of Cell Types a Stem Cell Can Become

Totipotent Cells Can Build the Entire Organism, Including the Placenta

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Stem Cell Potency: The Range of Cell Types a Stem Cell Can Become

Totipotent Cells Can Build the Entire Organism, Including the Placenta

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics