IB Biology Topic B1.1.2 Production of Macromolecules by Condensation Reactions Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Biology Topic B1.1.2 Production of Macromolecules by Condensation Reactions Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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Condensation Reactions: How Cells Build Large Molecules

Cells build large biological molecules by joining smaller subunits (monomers) together through a condensation reaction.
1. In each reaction, two monomers are linked by a new covalent bond, and a molecule of water (H₂O) is released as a by-product.
2. The reaction is enzyme-catalysed and requires energy input.

Definition

Condensation

Condensation is a reaction where two molecules combine, releasing water.

During the reaction, a hydroxyl group (-OH) from one monomer and a hydrogen atom (-H) from the other are removed and combine to form water.
1. The remaining atoms on each monomer bond together.
2. Because one water molecule is released per bond formed, a polysaccharide chain of 100 glucose units requires 99 condensation reactions and produces 99 water molecules.

Condensation reactions are reversible.

The reverse process, hydrolysis, breaks the bond by adding water back, splitting the polymer into its monomers.

Analogy

Think of monomers as individual bricks.
Condensation is the process of cementing bricks together into a wall (polymer), and each time you set a brick, a drop of water squeezes out.

Polysaccharides: Sugars Linked by Glycosidic Bonds

When two monosaccharides undergo a condensation reaction, the bond formed between them is called a glycosidic bond.
1. The hydroxyl groups on each sugar react, releasing water.

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Condensation Reactions: How Cells Build Large Molecules

Cells build large biological molecules by joining smaller subunits (monomers) together through a condensation reaction.
1. In each reaction, two monomers are linked by a new covalent bond, and a molecule of water (H₂O) is released as a by-product.
2. The reaction is enzyme-catalysed and requires energy input.

Definition

Condensation

Condensation is a reaction where two molecules combine, releasing water.

During the reaction, a hydroxyl group (-OH) from one monomer and a hydrogen atom (-H) from the other are removed and combine to form water.
1. The remaining atoms on each monomer bond together.
2. Because one water molecule is released per bond formed, a polysaccharide chain of 100 glucose units requires 99 condensation reactions and produces 99 water molecules.

Condensation reactions are reversible.

The reverse process, hydrolysis, breaks the bond by adding water back, splitting the polymer into its monomers.

Analogy

Think of monomers as individual bricks.
Condensation is the process of cementing bricks together into a wall (polymer), and each time you set a brick, a drop of water squeezes out.

Polysaccharides: Sugars Linked by Glycosidic Bonds

When two monosaccharides undergo a condensation reaction, the bond formed between them is called a glycosidic bond.
1. The hydroxyl groups on each sugar react, releasing water.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic B1.1.2: Production of Macromolecules by Condensation Reactions Notes

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

Condensation Reactions: How Cells Build Large Molecules

Polysaccharides: Sugars Linked by Glycosidic Bonds

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Condensation Reactions: How Cells Build Large Molecules

Polysaccharides: Sugars Linked by Glycosidic Bonds

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account