Enlightenment and early political thought

Liberalism, conservatism and socialism

Nationalism and identity

Ideologies in the 20th century

MYP History Ideologies in the 20th Century Notes

Ideologies in the 20th Century: How Did Ideologies Shape Global Conflict?

Ideologies in the 20th century worked a bit like rival apps that cannot run on the same device.

Once a country downloaded one, it often clashed with any country running the opposite one: which is basically the story of 20th-century conflict.

1. Humanism: putting people, not supernatural authority, at the centre

Definition

Humanism

Humanism is an intellectual and cultural movement that emphasizes the value, dignity, and potential of human beings. It focuses on human reason, creativity, and achievements rather than divine or supernatural authority.

Humanism is the belief that humans should make decisions using reason, ethics, and empathy rather than fear or divine command.

Challenges religious or authoritarian control.
Pushes for dignity, equality and human rights.

Example

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) is basically humanism turned into law.
Post-war trials like the Nuremberg Trials were justified using humanist ideas about universal rights.
Twentieth-century campaigns for gender equality, civil rights, and secular governance built heavily on humanist thinking.

2. Existentialism: meaning in a world that feels meaningless

Definition

Existentialism

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom, personal responsibility, and the search for meaning in a world that has no inherent purpose. It argues that people must create their own values and identity through their choices and actions.

Existentialism took off because two world wars left people wondering what the point of anything was.

Says you create your own purpose.
Rejects blind obedience to tradition or authority.
Encouraged people to think, act and live authentically.

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Tip

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

MYP History Ideologies in the 20th Century Notes

Ideologies in the 20th Century: How Did Ideologies Shape Global Conflict?

1. Humanism: putting people, not supernatural authority, at the centre

2. Existentialism: meaning in a world that feels meaningless

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Ideologies in the 20th Century: How Did Ideologies Shape Global Conflict?

1. Humanism: putting people, not supernatural authority, at the centre

2. Existentialism: meaning in a world that feels meaningless

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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The Industrial Revolution5 subtopics

Innovation and Social Change4 subtopics

Trade and Global Exchange4 subtopics

Everyday Life in the Modern Era4 subtopics

Health and Medical Developments4 subtopics

Social and Cultural Movements4 subtopics

Ideas and Ideologies4 subtopics

War, Conflict and Peacemaking4 subtopics

Empires and Supranational Organizations4 subtopics

Nationalist Movements4 subtopics

Civil Rights and Social Protest4 subtopics

Individual Agency in History4 subtopics

Consequences of Inaction4 subtopics

MYP History Ideologies in the 20th Century Notes

The Industrial Revolution5 subtopics

Innovation and Social Change4 subtopics

Trade and Global Exchange4 subtopics

Everyday Life in the Modern Era4 subtopics

Health and Medical Developments4 subtopics

Social and Cultural Movements4 subtopics

Ideas and Ideologies4 subtopics

War, Conflict and Peacemaking4 subtopics

Empires and Supranational Organizations4 subtopics

Nationalist Movements4 subtopics

Civil Rights and Social Protest4 subtopics

Individual Agency in History4 subtopics

Consequences of Inaction4 subtopics

Ideologies in the 20th Century: How Did Ideologies Shape Global Conflict?

1. Humanism: putting people, not supernatural authority, at the centre

2. Existentialism: meaning in a world that feels meaningless

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Ideologies in the 20th Century: How Did Ideologies Shape Global Conflict?

1. Humanism: putting people, not supernatural authority, at the centre

2. Existentialism: meaning in a world that feels meaningless

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account