MYP English Lang & Lit 5.3 Symbolism Notes

Symbolism

1. (or: when objects are doing more than just existing)

2. Sometimes a door is just a door.
3. But sometimes… it’s fear, freedom, opportunity, or regret.
4. That’s symbolism.

1. What is symbolism?

1. It works on two levels:
   1. the literal level (what it is)
   2. the symbolic level (what it suggests)
2. In simple terms:

   1. Symbolism is when something means more than itself.

2. Why writers use symbolism

1. Writers use symbolism to:
   1. express complex ideas subtly
   2. deepen themes
   3. avoid explaining everything directly
   4. make meanings stick
2. Symbolism invites the reader to think, not just observe.

3. Common things that become symbols

1. Almost anything can be symbolic, but common ones include:
   1. objects (keys, mirrors, doors, clocks)
   2. settings (weather, darkness, light)
   3. colours (red, white, black)
   4. actions (breaking, crossing, letting go)
2. The meaning depends on context, not a fixed rule.

4. Symbolism and theme

1. Symbols often point to themes, such as:
   1. freedom
   2. identity
   3. loss
   4. power
   5. innocence
2. When a symbol appears repeatedly, it usually matters.

5. Symbolism and character

1. Symbols can reflect:
   1. a character’s emotional state
   2. internal conflict
   3. personal growth
2. Changes in how a symbol is used often signal a character arc.

6. Symbolism and tone

1. Symbolism helps shape tone.
   1. dark symbols can create tension
   2. gentle symbols can create calm
   3. broken symbols can create sadness
2. Symbols affect how a scene feels without stating emotion.

7. Using PEEL to analyse symbolism

You analyse symbolism the same way you analyse everything else.

P: Point

1. Identify the symbol and what it represents.
   1. object
   2. image
   3. repeated detail

E: Evidence

1. Quote the moment where the symbol appears.

E: Explain

1. Explain:
   1. the literal meaning
   2. the symbolic meaning
   3. why this symbol matters here

L: Link

1. Link to:
   1. theme
   2. character development
   3. tone

8. Now it's your turn...