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1 Characterization and Human Behaviour
1.1 Character traits and motivation
1.2 Internal conflict
1.3 External conflict
1.4 Character arcs
1.5 Showing vs telling
2 Short Story Structure and Theme
2.1 Plot movement
2.2 Setting
2.3 Theme signalling
2.4 Narrative compression
3 Narrative Perspective and Voice
3.1 First-person narration
3.2 Third-person narration
3.3 Unreliable narrators
3.4 Narrative tone
4 Dramatic Writing and Performance Techniques
4.1 Dramatic structure
4.2 Dialogue and subtext
4.3 Stage directions
4.4 Tension and pacing
5 Poetic Form and Expressive Techniques
5.1 Poetic forms
5.2 Imagery
5.3 Symbolism
5.4 Sound devices
6 Critical Reading and Media Interpretation
6.1 Fact vs opinion
6.2 Bias
6.3 Visual analysis
6.4 Media construction
7 Travel Writing and Descriptive Craft
7.1 Sensory detail
7.2 Describing place
7.3 Travel voice
8 Ethical Reasoning in Texts
8.1 Values and belief systems
8.2 Moral dilemmas
8.3 Consequences
9 Argumentation and Persuasive Writing
9.1 Claim and counterclaim
9.2 Evidence selection
9.3 Rhetorical appeals
9.4 Persuasive structure
10 Relationships and Interpersonal Themes
10.1 Social context
10.2 Dialogue as relationship
10.3 Power dynamics
11 Duality, Conflict and Symbolism
11.1 Symbol types
11.2 Duality and contrast
12 Responsibility, Agency and Theme Development
12.1 Agency
12.2 Choice
12.3 Theme evolution
12.4 Author intention
Use MYP English Lang & Lit flashcards to review the key terms and ideas in 12.1 Agency.
Practise recalling textual analysis, language and identity, and perspectives and contexts, then return to the cards that need more work.
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What is agency in English language and literature?
Agency is the capacity of an individual to act intentionally and make choices, especially in how they use and respond to language and texts.