Structure and bonding

Properties of elements and compounds

Alloys

The mole concept and chemical calculations

MYP Chemistry Properties of Elements and Compounds Notes

How Bonding and Structure Affect Melting Point, Boiling Point and Conductivity

The key idea:

The strength and type of forces between particles determine melting point, boiling point and electrical conductivity.

We’ll look at four main structure types:

Giant ionic lattices

Simple molecular covalent substances

Giant covalent structures

Metallic structures

Giant Ionic Lattices (e.g. NaCl, MgO)

Bonding & structure

Made of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions).
Arranged in a regular 3D lattice.
Held together by strong electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between oppositely charged ions.

Melting & boiling point

Very high melting and boiling points.
You must supply a lot of energy to overcome the strong ionic bonds throughout the lattice.

Electrical conductivity

Solid:
1. Does not conduct electricity → ions are fixed in place and cannot move.
Molten (liquid) or dissolved in water (aqueous):
1. Does conduct → ions are free to move and carry charge.

Example

Sodium chloride (NaCl) has a high melting point and conducts electricity only when molten or in solution → classic ionic behavior.

Simple Molecular Covalent Substances (e.g. H₂O, CO₂, CH₄)

Bonding & structure

Made of small molecules (like H₂O, CO₂).
Inside each molecule: strong covalent bonds between atoms.
Between molecules: only weak intermolecular forces (e.g. London forces, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonding).

Melting & boiling point

Generally low (often gases or liquids at room temperature).
When they melt/boil, you’re breaking intermolecular forces, not the covalent bonds inside each molecule.

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MYP Chemistry Properties of Elements and Compounds Notes

How Bonding and Structure Affect Melting Point, Boiling Point and Conductivity

Giant Ionic Lattices (e.g. NaCl, MgO)

Simple Molecular Covalent Substances (e.g. H₂O, CO₂, CH₄)

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How Bonding and Structure Affect Melting Point, Boiling Point and Conductivity

Giant Ionic Lattices (e.g. NaCl, MgO)

Simple Molecular Covalent Substances (e.g. H₂O, CO₂, CH₄)

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Periodic table5 subtopics

Matter5 subtopics

Types of chemical reaction18 subtopics

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)4 subtopics

Pure and impure substances2 subtopics

The atmosphere2 subtopics

Bonding4 subtopics

MYP Chemistry Properties of Elements and Compounds Notes

Periodic table5 subtopics

Matter5 subtopics

Types of chemical reaction18 subtopics

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)4 subtopics

Pure and impure substances2 subtopics

The atmosphere2 subtopics

Bonding4 subtopics

How Bonding and Structure Affect Melting Point, Boiling Point and Conductivity

Giant Ionic Lattices (e.g. NaCl, MgO)

Simple Molecular Covalent Substances (e.g. H₂O, CO₂, CH₄)

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How Bonding and Structure Affect Melting Point, Boiling Point and Conductivity

Giant Ionic Lattices (e.g. NaCl, MgO)

Simple Molecular Covalent Substances (e.g. H₂O, CO₂, CH₄)

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