Human influences

Vaccination

Factors affecting human health

MYP Biology Vaccination Notes

Why Is Vaccination Used?

Infectious diseases trigger immune responses that take time.

When a pathogen enters the body for the first time, the immune response is slow.
Symptoms develop while the immune system learns how to respond.

Vaccination reduces or prevents this delay

It exposes the immune system to pathogen antigens in advance.
Protection occurs before real infection happens.

Tip

This means vaccination is about timing, not strength.
The immune response happens earlier, not differently.

How Does Vaccination Work?

Vaccination introduces antigens without causing disease

A vaccine contains antigens, instead of a fully functioning pathogen.
These antigens may be:
1. Weakened (attenuated) forms of a pathogen.
2. Inactivated (killed) pathogens.
3. Specific pathogen fragments, usually surface proteins.
4. Genetic instructions that allow cells to produce a harmless antigen.

Antigens Are Recognized As Foreign

Antigens are detected by white blood cells in the immune system.
Specialized immune cells display antigens to lymphocytes, signalling a potential threat.

Lymphocytes Produce Specific Antibodies

B lymphocytes produce antibodies that bind to a specific antigen.
Each antibody has a unique shape that matches only one antigen.
This specificity ensures the response targets the correct pathogen.

Memory Cells Are Formed

Some activated lymphocytes differentiate into memory cells.
Memory cells remain in the body long term.
They enable a faster and stronger secondary immune response.

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Tip

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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MYP Biology Vaccination Notes

Why Is Vaccination Used?

How Does Vaccination Work?

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Why Is Vaccination Used?

How Does Vaccination Work?

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Cells7 subtopics

Organisms7 subtopics

Processes10 subtopics

Metabolism4 subtopics

Evolution7 subtopics

Interactions with environment6 subtopics

Interactions between organisms5 subtopics

Human interactions with environments3 subtopics

Biotechnology3 subtopics

MYP Biology Vaccination Notes

Cells7 subtopics

Organisms7 subtopics

Processes10 subtopics

Metabolism4 subtopics

Evolution7 subtopics

Interactions with environment6 subtopics

Interactions between organisms5 subtopics

Human interactions with environments3 subtopics

Biotechnology3 subtopics

Why Is Vaccination Used?

How Does Vaccination Work?

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Why Is Vaccination Used?

How Does Vaccination Work?

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