MYP Biology Topic Predator–prey Revision Notes

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MYP Biology Topic Predator–prey Revision Notes | RevisionDojo

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What Is A Predator–Prey Relationship?

Definition

Predator–prey relationship

A biological interaction in which one organism (the predator) captures and consumes another organism (the prey) as a food source.

Predators obtain energy by feeding on other organisms.
1. The predator benefits by gaining energy and nutrients.
2. The prey is harmed and usually killed.
Predator–prey interactions link the population sizes of both species.
1. Predator survival depends on prey availability.
2. Prey mortality depends on predator pressure.

Example

Lions hunting zebras, owls feeding on mice, and wolves preying on deer.

Hint

Predator–prey relationships builds on earlier concepts we covered.
- Interdependency explains why predators rely on prey.
- Competition explains why predators may compete for prey.

How Do Predator And Prey Populations Change Over Time?

Predator and prey populations are closely linked.
A change in prey population affects predator population size, and a change in predator population affects prey survival.
These interactions often produce population cycles:
1. Prey population increases first when resources are available.
2. Predator population increases after a time delay due to increased food supply.
3. Increased predation causes prey numbers to decline.
4. Reduced prey availability causes predator numbers to decline.
5. With fewer predators, prey populations recover and the cycle repeats.

Note

This graph above shows a predator–prey cycle where lemmings are the prey and owls are the predators.
Notice how Lemming numbers increase first.
Owl numbers rise after a time lag as food becomes available.
Increased predation then reduces lemming numbers, followed by a decline in owl numbers due to reduced prey availability.

Exam technique

Always state that prey population changes occur before predator population changes.
This time lag is a key marking point.

How Do Predators Regulate Prey Populations?

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Note

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Tip

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MYP Biology Predator–prey Notes

What Is A Predator–Prey Relationship?

How Do Predator And Prey Populations Change Over Time?

How Do Predators Regulate Prey Populations?

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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What Is A Predator–Prey Relationship?

How Do Predator And Prey Populations Change Over Time?

How Do Predators Regulate Prey Populations?

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Cells7 subtopics

Organisms7 subtopics

Processes10 subtopics

Metabolism4 subtopics

Evolution7 subtopics

Interactions with environment6 subtopics

Interactions between organisms5 subtopics

Human interactions with environments3 subtopics

Biotechnology3 subtopics

MYP Biology Predator–prey Notes

Cells7 subtopics

Organisms7 subtopics

Processes10 subtopics

Metabolism4 subtopics

Evolution7 subtopics

Interactions with environment6 subtopics

Interactions between organisms5 subtopics

Human interactions with environments3 subtopics

Biotechnology3 subtopics

What Is A Predator–Prey Relationship?

How Do Predator And Prey Populations Change Over Time?

How Do Predators Regulate Prey Populations?

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

What Is A Predator–Prey Relationship?

How Do Predator And Prey Populations Change Over Time?

How Do Predators Regulate Prey Populations?

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account