IB Theory of Knowledge Topic 3.3.2 Big Shifts in Scientific Thinking Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Theory of Knowledge Topic 3.3.2 Big Shifts in Scientific Thinking Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Scientific Paradigm Shifts Have Redefined How We Understand the World

Sometimes science goes through revolutions that replace entire frameworks of understanding.
Philosopher Thomas Kuhn called these moments paradigm shifts.
They aren't small updates but wholesale changes in the assumptions that guide science.
This directly challenges the idea that science provides steady, linear progress toward truth, suggesting instead that knowledge can flip dramatically, forcing us to rethink what counts as reliable evidence, what certainty means, and what “progress” really looks like.

What Are Paradigm Shifts?

Definition

Paradigm shift

A fundamental change in the underlying framework of a discipline, where old assumptions are replaced by new ones.

Paradigm shifts happen when the assumptions of a field no longer explain the evidence.

Nice try, unfortunately this paywall isn't as easy to bypass as you think. Want to help devleop the site? Join the team at https://revisiondojo.com/join-us. exercitation voluptate cillum ullamco excepteur sint officia do tempor Lorem irure minim Lorem elit id voluptate reprehenderit voluptate laboris in nostrud qui non Lorem nostrud laborum culpa sit occaecat reprehenderit

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Scientific Paradigm Shifts Have Redefined How We Understand the World

Sometimes science goes through revolutions that replace entire frameworks of understanding.
Philosopher Thomas Kuhn called these moments paradigm shifts.
They aren't small updates but wholesale changes in the assumptions that guide science.
This directly challenges the idea that science provides steady, linear progress toward truth, suggesting instead that knowledge can flip dramatically, forcing us to rethink what counts as reliable evidence, what certainty means, and what “progress” really looks like.

What Are Paradigm Shifts?

Definition

Paradigm shift

A fundamental change in the underlying framework of a discipline, where old assumptions are replaced by new ones.

Paradigm shifts happen when the assumptions of a field no longer explain the evidence.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

1. Core Theme: Knowledge and the Knower2 subtopics

2. Optional Themes5 subtopics

3. Areas of Knowledge5 subtopics

4. TOK Assessments2 subtopics

6. Nov 2026 TOK Titles7 subtopics

IB Theory of Knowledge 3.3.2 Big Shifts in Scientific Thinking Notes

1. Core Theme: Knowledge and the Knower2 subtopics

2. Optional Themes5 subtopics

3. Areas of Knowledge5 subtopics

4. TOK Assessments2 subtopics

6. Nov 2026 TOK Titles7 subtopics

Scientific Paradigm Shifts Have Redefined How We Understand the World

What Are Paradigm Shifts?

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Scientific Paradigm Shifts Have Redefined How We Understand the World

What Are Paradigm Shifts?

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account