IB Sports, exercise and health science Topic B.2.1.5 Work, Energy, and Power in Force Application Revision Notes (HL)

IB Sports, exercise and health science Topic B.2.1.5 Work, Energy, and Power in Force Application Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Work

Definition

Work

Results from the application of force over distance. When work is

done, energy is transformed from one form to another.

Work is what happens when a force moves an object through a distance in the direction of that force.
Work is only done if displacement occurs (e.g., holding a weight without moving it does no work).
If force and displacement are in the same direction, work is positive (e.g., lifting a weight).
If force and displacement are in opposite directions, work is negative (e.g., lowering a weight).
No work is done if the force is perpendicular to movement (e.g., carrying a tray while walking forward).
Work is calculated using the formula:

W = F x D

W = Work (Joules, J)
F = Force applied (Newtons, N)
d = Displacement of the object (meters, m)

Work depends on the direction of force relative to motion.

Example

A weightlifter cleaning and jerking 100kg:

Lifting phase: Positive work (against gravity)
Holding overhead: No work (no displacement)
Lowering phase: Negative work (with gravity)

Note

Work is only done when the force causes movement.
Holding a weight stationary involves force but no work, as there is no displacement.

Power

Definition

Power

Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. It is given by the formula: P=ΔW/Δt where ΔW = change in work done and Δt = change in time

Key Factors Affecting Power:
1. Force applied: More force increases power output.
2. Speed of movement: Faster execution of a movement increases power.

Power: formulas and the force-velocity curve

Two power equations: P = ΔW / Δt for any work over time, and (when force is constant and acts in the direction of motion) P = F × v.
Two athletes can do the same total work but produce very different power outputs: lifting a 60 kg barbell to chest height takes the same work whether it takes one second or five, but the athlete who does it in one second produces five times the power.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Tip

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Work

Definition

Work

Results from the application of force over distance. When work is

done, energy is transformed from one form to another.

Work is what happens when a force moves an object through a distance in the direction of that force.
Work is only done if displacement occurs (e.g., holding a weight without moving it does no work).
If force and displacement are in the same direction, work is positive (e.g., lifting a weight).
If force and displacement are in opposite directions, work is negative (e.g., lowering a weight).
No work is done if the force is perpendicular to movement (e.g., carrying a tray while walking forward).
Work is calculated using the formula:

W = F x D

W = Work (Joules, J)
F = Force applied (Newtons, N)
d = Displacement of the object (meters, m)

Work depends on the direction of force relative to motion.

Example

A weightlifter cleaning and jerking 100kg:

Lifting phase: Positive work (against gravity)
Holding overhead: No work (no displacement)
Lowering phase: Negative work (with gravity)

Note

Work is only done when the force causes movement.
Holding a weight stationary involves force but no work, as there is no displacement.

Power

Definition

Power

Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. It is given by the formula: P=ΔW/Δt where ΔW = change in work done and Δt = change in time

Key Factors Affecting Power:
1. Force applied: More force increases power output.
2. Speed of movement: Faster execution of a movement increases power.

Power: formulas and the force-velocity curve

Two power equations: P = ΔW / Δt for any work over time, and (when force is constant and acts in the direction of motion) P = F × v.
Two athletes can do the same total work but produce very different power outputs: lifting a 60 kg barbell to chest height takes the same work whether it takes one second or five, but the athlete who does it in one second produces five times the power.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A.1 Communication3 subtopics

A.2 Hydration and nutrition3 subtopics

A.3 Response3 subtopics

B.1 Generating movement in the body4 subtopics

B.2 Forces, motion and movement3 subtopics

B.3 Injury2 subtopics

C.1 Individual differences2 subtopics

C.2 Motor learning2 subtopics

C.3 Motivation3 subtopics

C.4 Stress and coping2 subtopics

C.5 Psychological skills2 subtopics

IB Sports, exercise and health science B.2.1.5 Work, Energy, and Power in Force Application Notes

A.1 Communication3 subtopics

A.2 Hydration and nutrition3 subtopics

A.3 Response3 subtopics

B.1 Generating movement in the body4 subtopics

B.2 Forces, motion and movement3 subtopics

B.3 Injury2 subtopics

C.1 Individual differences2 subtopics

C.2 Motor learning2 subtopics

C.3 Motivation3 subtopics

C.4 Stress and coping2 subtopics

C.5 Psychological skills2 subtopics

Work

Power

Power: formulas and the force-velocity curve

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Work

Power

Power: formulas and the force-velocity curve

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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