12.1.2: How Genes Influence Human Characteristics in Athletics
1. Role of Genes in Athletic Performance
Definition: Genes are segments of DNA that determine the production of proteins, which influence physiological and anatomical traits.
Genetic Basis of Athleticism: Athletic performance is a result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including training, diet, and lifestyle.
2. Need for Several Characteristics in Athletics
Complex Traits: Athletic performance depends on multiple interrelated traits, such as:
Muscle Strength: Influenced by fiber composition and size.
Endurance: Dependent on oxygen transport and utilization.
Flexibility: Affected by joint structure and connective tissue properties.
Coordination: Controlled by nervous system efficiency.
No single gene determines athletic performance; it results from the interaction of multiple genes and external factors.
3. Gene Expression
Definition: Gene expression is the process by which genetic information is used to synthesize proteins that carry out specific functions.
Influence on Performance:
The type and level of protein production impact traits like muscle composition, oxygen uptake, and recovery.
For example, genes regulate the development of Type I (slow-twitch) and Type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers.
4. Production of Proteins
Genes serve as blueprints for making proteins through:
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What is the focus of Sports, Exercise, and Health Science (SEHS) in the IB syllabus?
