Key Factors
- Social Support:
- Strong social networks are protective against mental disorders.
- Lack of support increases vulnerability.
- Cultural Norms:
- Norms influence symptom expression and help-seeking behavior.
- Example: Somatic symptoms are more common in collectivist cultures.
- Socioeconomic Status:
- Poverty and unemployment increase stress and risk of mental illness.
- Diathesis-Stress/Vulnerability-Stress Model:
- Interaction between all 3 approaches: biological predispositions (vulnerability) are triggered by environmental factors (stress), leading someone to develop depression, (e.g. a genetic component + the death of a loved one)
Key Studies
Case studyBrown & Harris (1978) - Social Origins of Depression
Aim: To explore the role of social factors in the onset of depression in women.
Method: Case study and interview.
Procedure:
- Over 400 women in London were interviewed about life events and symptoms.
- Researchers identified links between stressful events and depression.
Results:
- Women with fewer social supports were more likely to develop depression after stress.
- Loss of a close relationship significantly increased risk.
Conclusion: Social factors, particularly relationships, play a crucial role in mental health.
Critical Thinking
Strengths and Weaknesses
- Strengths: Highlights the holistic nature of mental health.
- Weaknesses: Correlational studies cannot establish causation. Also, some sociocultural approaches may neglect biological factors.
Applications
- Emphasizes the importance of community-based interventions and the importance of community in treatment.
- Encourages culturally sensitive approaches to treatment.
- Research must account for participant vulnerability and ensure support during studies on sensitive topics.
