IB Psychology Topic Methods of Study Revision Notes (HL)

IB Psychology Topic Methods of Study Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Correlational Studies

Strengths:

Broad Applicability: Correlational studies are highly versatile and allow researchers to explore relationships between multiple variables, such as screen time and attention span, across diverse populations.
Ease of Data Collection: These studies can be conducted on large sample sizes efficiently, making them cost-effective and representative of real-world scenarios.
Reveals Patterns: Although not causal, correlations provide crucial insights into patterns and trends that guide further experimental research.

Limitations:

No Causal Inference: Correlational studies cannot determine if one variable directly causes changes in another, leaving ambiguity in the relationships observed.
1. For example, increased gaming could improve skills, or skilled individuals might naturally prefer gaming.
Third-Variable Problem: Confounding variables may influence results, such as socioeconomic status impacting both technology use and cognitive outcomes.

Case study

Rosser et al. (2007)

Aim: To examine if video gaming enhances laparoscopic surgeons’ skills.

Method: Correlational study with 33 surgeons.

Procedure: Participants reported gaming habits and performed surgical drills.

Results: Surgeons who played video games for over three hours weekly made 37% fewer errors and operated 27% faster.

Conclusion: Video gaming enhances motor skills and focused attention, though the findings are limited to specific tasks like surgery.

Experimental Studies

Strengths:

Causal Relationships: By manipulating one variable (independent variable) while controlling others, experiments establish clear cause-and-effect relationships, which are critical for understanding how technology influences cognition.
Control Over Variables: Experiments allow researchers to isolate specific factors, such as the effects of spatial gaming, reducing ambiguity and improving the reliability of results.

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Correlational Studies

Strengths:

Broad Applicability: Correlational studies are highly versatile and allow researchers to explore relationships between multiple variables, such as screen time and attention span, across diverse populations.
Ease of Data Collection: These studies can be conducted on large sample sizes efficiently, making them cost-effective and representative of real-world scenarios.
Reveals Patterns: Although not causal, correlations provide crucial insights into patterns and trends that guide further experimental research.

Limitations:

No Causal Inference: Correlational studies cannot determine if one variable directly causes changes in another, leaving ambiguity in the relationships observed.
1. For example, increased gaming could improve skills, or skilled individuals might naturally prefer gaming.
Third-Variable Problem: Confounding variables may influence results, such as socioeconomic status impacting both technology use and cognitive outcomes.

Case study

Rosser et al. (2007)

Aim: To examine if video gaming enhances laparoscopic surgeons’ skills.

Method: Correlational study with 33 surgeons.

Procedure: Participants reported gaming habits and performed surgical drills.

Results: Surgeons who played video games for over three hours weekly made 37% fewer errors and operated 27% faster.

Conclusion: Video gaming enhances motor skills and focused attention, though the findings are limited to specific tasks like surgery.

Experimental Studies

Strengths:

Causal Relationships: By manipulating one variable (independent variable) while controlling others, experiments establish clear cause-and-effect relationships, which are critical for understanding how technology influences cognition.
Control Over Variables: Experiments allow researchers to isolate specific factors, such as the effects of spatial gaming, reducing ambiguity and improving the reliability of results.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Biological Approach4 subtopics

Cognitive Approach4 subtopics

Sociocultural Approach4 subtopics

Option 1: Abnormal Psychology3 subtopics

Option 2: Developmental Psychology3 subtopics

Option 3: Health Psychology3 subtopics

Option 4: Human Relationships3 subtopics

IB Psychology Methods of Study Notes

Biological Approach4 subtopics

Cognitive Approach4 subtopics

Sociocultural Approach4 subtopics

Option 1: Abnormal Psychology3 subtopics

Option 2: Developmental Psychology3 subtopics

Option 3: Health Psychology3 subtopics

Option 4: Human Relationships3 subtopics

Correlational Studies

Strengths:

Limitations:

Rosser et al. (2007)

Experimental Studies

Strengths:

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Correlational Studies

Strengths:

Limitations:

Rosser et al. (2007)

Experimental Studies

Strengths:

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account