Human cognition is shaped by neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to adapt and form new connections based on experience. As digital technology becomes an integral part of daily life, our constant computer interaction influences cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and decision-making.
ExampleDigital interaction can enhance specific cognitive skills. For instance, playing video games has been shown to improve visuospatial abilities, hand-eye coordination, and even abstract reasoning in certain contexts.
ExampleConversely, media multi-tasking, which is frequently switching between tasks due to technology, can harm attention span and academic performance, with potential long-term effects on cognitive reliability.
Key Studies
Visuospatial Skills and Gaming
Playing video games requiring rapid visuospatial coordination can translate to improved performance in real-life tasks, such as surgery.
Case studyRosser et al. (2007)
Aim:
To examine if playing video games enhances laparoscopic surgeons’ performance.
Method:
Correlational study involving 33 surgeons.
- Procedure:
Surgeons completed surgery drills involving precise motor skills. Video game experience was assessed via: - Self-reported gaming habits.
- Mastery levels in specific games requiring speed and precision.
Results:
Surgeons with over 3 hours of weekly gameplay made 37% fewer errors and performed surgeries 27% faster.
Conclusion:
Video gaming enhances fine motor skills and focused attention, though findings are context-specific and not necessarily generalizable.
Applying Digital Skills to Academic Learning
Skills acquired through video gaming, especially in spatial tasks, can transfer to abstract learning domains.
Case studySanchez (2012)
Aim:
To test if spatial skills gained through gaming improve comprehension of scientific concepts.
Method:
Experimental study with 60 university students, divided into two groups.
Procedure:
- One group played a spatial game (Halo).
- The other played a verbal game (Word Whomp).
- Both groups read a complex, text-only scientific document and wrote an essay on it.
Results:
Students in the spatial gaming group demonstrated better understanding of the material, as evaluated by independent scorers.
Conclusion:
Gaming enhances abstract spatial reasoning, aiding in the comprehension of complex scientific concepts like plate tectonics.
Multi-tasking and Attention
Induced media multi-tasking correlates negatively with academic performance, primarily due to reduced attention span.
Case studyRosen, Carrier, and Cheever (2013)
Aim:
To investigate the effects of multi-tasking on attention and GPA (Grade Point Average).
Method:
Correlational study with 263 students.
Procedure:
- Observed on-task vs. off-task behaviors during study sessions.
- Collected self-reported GPA data.
Results:
Students averaged only 6 minutes of on-task behavior before distraction.
Activities like texting and social media use correlated with lower GPAs.
Conclusion:
Induced multi-tasking detracts from cognitive focus, leading to academic underachievement.
Neurological Basis of Multi-tasking
Media multi-tasking correlates with reduced grey matter density in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which governs cognitive control and emotional regulation.
