Social Learning Theory (SLT)
Definition
Social Learning Theory
Social Learning Theory (SLT), developed by Albert Bandura , proposes that learning occurs through observing and imitating the behaviors of others, known as models.
This process, called observational learning , is influenced by factors such as reinforcement, punishment, and the perceived similarity between the observer and the model.
- SLT emphasizes the role of vicarious reinforcement
- Individuals are more likely to imitate behaviors that they see being rewarded, and less likely to imitate behaviors that are punished.
Key Components of SLT
- Attention: The observer must pay attention to the model's behavior.
- Retention: The behavior must be remembered.
- Reproduction: The observer must have the ability to reproduce the behavior.
- Motivation: There must be a reason to imitate the behavior, often influenced by expected rewards or punishments.
- SLT highlights the importance of role models in shaping behavior, especially in children.
Bandura et al. (1961) - The Bobo Doll Experiment
Aim
To investigate whether children would imitate aggressive behavior observed in adults and whether the behavior would differ based on the gender of the model and the child.
Method
- Participants: 72 children (36 boys and 36 girls) aged 3-6 years.
- Procedure:
- Children were divided into three groups:
- Aggressive Model: Observed an adult behaving aggressively toward a Bobo doll (e.g., hitting, kicking).
- Non-Aggressive Model: Observed an adult playing calmly with toys.
- Control Group: No model was observed.
- After observing the model, children were placed in a room with a Bobo doll and other toys, and their behavior was recorded.
Results
- Children who observed the aggressive model were more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviors toward the Bobo doll.
- Boys were more likely to imitate physical aggression, especially if the model was male.
- Girls were more likely to imitate verbal aggression, particularly from female models.
Conclusion
The study demonstrated that children learn and imitate behaviors through observation, supporting the principles of SLT.
Common Mistake- A common misconception is that SLT suggests people passively copy behaviors.
- In reality, motivation and self-efficacy play crucial roles in determining whether a behavior is imitated.
