Notes for 1.2.3 Bidirectional ambiguity - IB | RevisionDojo
1.2.3 Bidirectional ambiguity Notes
Bidirectional Ambiguity: When Cause and Effect Are Unclear
Bidirectional ambiguity occurs when it is unclear whether A causes B, B causes A, or if both influence each other.
This concept is crucial in psychology, especially when interpreting correlational studies.
Analogy
Think of the classic chicken-and-egg problem:
Did the chicken come first or the egg?
This illustrates the challenge of determining causality when two variables are closely linked.
Examples of Bidirectional Ambiguity
Depression and Social Withdrawal
Depression often leads to social withdrawal , but social withdrawal can also contribute to depression.
It's challenging to determine which comes first, as they may reinforce each other in a vicious cycle.
Stress and the Immune System
Stress can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to illness.
Conversely, chronic illness can increase stress levels, creating a feedback loop.
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