IB Physics Topic B.4.1 First Law of Thermodynamics Revision Notes (HL)

IB Physics Topic B.4.1 First Law of Thermodynamics Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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Energy Conservation in Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics explores how energy is transferred and transformed, particularly through heat and work.
These transfers are governed by the first law of thermodynamics, which is a specific application of the law of conservation of energy.

The First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy Conservation

Definition

First law of thermodynamics

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of an isolated system is constant.

Energy can be transferred or transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Note

The first law applies the conservation of energy to thermodynamic systems.

Internal Energy, Heat, and Work

Energy conservation in a thermodynamic system involves three key quantities:

Internal energy ($U$): the total energy of the particles in a system, made up of their random kinetic and potential energy.
Heat ($Q$): energy transferred between a system and its surroundings because of a temperature difference.
Work ($W$): energy transferred when a force acts over a distance, such as when a gas expands or is compressed.

The First Law of Thermodynamics: Mathematical Formulation

Using the Clausius sign convention, the first law is written as:

$$Q = \Delta U + W$$

where:

$Q$ is the heat supplied to the system.
$\Delta U$ is the change in internal energy of the system.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
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Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Energy Conservation in Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics explores how energy is transferred and transformed, particularly through heat and work.
These transfers are governed by the first law of thermodynamics, which is a specific application of the law of conservation of energy.

The First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy Conservation

Definition

First law of thermodynamics

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of an isolated system is constant.

Energy can be transferred or transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Note

The first law applies the conservation of energy to thermodynamic systems.

Internal Energy, Heat, and Work

Energy conservation in a thermodynamic system involves three key quantities:

Internal energy ($U$): the total energy of the particles in a system, made up of their random kinetic and potential energy.
Heat ($Q$): energy transferred between a system and its surroundings because of a temperature difference.
Work ($W$): energy transferred when a force acts over a distance, such as when a gas expands or is compressed.

The First Law of Thermodynamics: Mathematical Formulation

Using the Clausius sign convention, the first law is written as:

$$Q = \Delta U + W$$

where:

$Q$ is the heat supplied to the system.
$\Delta U$ is the change in internal energy of the system.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Topic A - Space, time and motion5 subtopics

Topic B - The particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Topic C - Wave behaviour5 subtopics

Topic D - Fields4 subtopics

Topic E - Nuclear and quantum physics5 subtopics

IB Physics B.4.1 First Law of Thermodynamics Notes

Topic A - Space, time and motion5 subtopics

Topic B - The particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Topic C - Wave behaviour5 subtopics

Topic D - Fields4 subtopics

Topic E - Nuclear and quantum physics5 subtopics

Energy Conservation in Thermodynamics

The First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy Conservation

Internal Energy, Heat, and Work

The First Law of Thermodynamics: Mathematical Formulation

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Energy Conservation in Thermodynamics

The First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy Conservation

Internal Energy, Heat, and Work

The First Law of Thermodynamics: Mathematical Formulation

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account