Moral Principles
Is Ethics More About Self-Interest or the Interests of Others?
- Self-Interest: Ethics as self-interest suggests that moral actions are driven by personal gain or benefit.
- Interests of Others: Ethics as concern for others emphasizes altruism, empathy, and the welfare of the community.
This debate is central to many ethical theories, shaping how we understand moral motivation and obligation.
Doing the "Right Thing" and Doing the "Best Thing"
- Doing the "Right Thing":
- Deontological Ethics: Focuses on following moral rules or duties, regardless of the consequences.
- Example: Telling the truth even if it causes harm.
- Doing the "Best Thing":
- Consequentialist Ethics: Emphasizes outcomes and the overall good.
- Example: Lying to save a life.
When analyzing ethical dilemmas, consider whether the focus is on the action itself (deontological) or the consequences (consequentialist).
The Greatest Good for the Greatest Number
Definition
Utilitarianism
A consequentialist theory that prioritizes maximizing happiness or well-being for the majority.
Key Features:
- Impartiality: Everyone's interests are considered equally.
- Calculation: Weighing benefits and harms to determine the best action.
