Understanding Anattā: The Core of Buddhist Philosophy
Anattā (अनत्ता) is a Pali term meaning not-self or non-self.
It is one of the Three Marks of Existence in Buddhism, alongside anicca (impermanence) and dukkha (suffering).
Anattā challenges the idea of a permanent, unchanging self or soul.
Note
Anattā is sometimes misunderstood as denying the existence of the self entirely.
Instead, it rejects the notion of a permanent, unchanging self.
The Five Aggregates (Khandhas)
Buddhism explains human existence through the Five Aggregates:
Form (rūpa): The physical body and senses.
Sensation (vedanā): Feelings and experiences.
Perception (saññā): Recognition and interpretation.
Mental Formations (saṅkhāra): Thoughts, intentions, and emotions.
Consciousness (viññāṇa): Awareness and cognition.
These aggregates are impermanent and interdependent, constantly changing and lacking a core self.
Example
Imagine a chariot. It is made up of wheels, axles, and a frame.
There is no "chariot" beyond these parts.
Similarly, the self is just a collection of aggregates, with no underlying essence.
Anattā and the Illusion of Self
Attachment to the self leads to suffering (dukkha).
By understanding anattā, individuals can overcome attachment and achieve liberation (nirvāṇa).
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