Similarities: Superpower Interest and Economic Dependency
- Geopolitical Significance
- Cuba: Its proximity to the United States made it a strategic focal point for the Soviet Union.
- Egypt: Its control of the Suez Canal linked it to both superpowers' interests in the Middle East.
- Economic and Military Aid
- Cuba: Received Soviet support for sugar exports and military defense.
- Egypt: Secured Soviet aid for projects like the Aswan High Dam and military supplies.
- Revolutionary Ideals and Hostility from the U.S.
- Cuba: Faced U.S. embargoes and the Bay of Pigs invasion.
- Egypt: Experienced U.S. opposition during the Suez Crisis and CIA attempts to undermine Nasser.
- Focus of Foreign Policy
- Cuba: Aimed to spread socialism globally.
- Egypt: Focused on Arab nationalism and the conflict with Israel.
The Aswan High Dam in Egypt, completed with Soviet assistance, transformed Egypt's agriculture and energy sectors, while Soviet subsidies for Cuban sugar stabilized its economy despite U.S. embargoes.
NoteCuba's proximity to the U.S. led to a complete economic embargo, while Egypt continued to trade with Western countries, especially after Sadat's Infitah(economic opening) policy.
NoteBoth countries joined the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) to avoid direct Cold War entanglement, but still relied on the Soviet Union for economic and military aid.
Common MistakeIt's a common misconception that Egypt was entirely aligned with the Soviet Union throughout the Cold War. In reality, Egypt shifted its alliances, especially under Sadat, who moved towards the United States in the 1970s.
The Economic Impact of the Cold War on Germany
- Division and Reconstruction
- West Germany (FRG): Benefited from Marshall Aid and economic integration with Western Europe.
- East Germany (GDR): Suffered from Soviet reparations and a centrally planned economy.
- Economic Miracle in West Germany
- Factors: 1. Marshall Aid boosted investor confidence. 2. The Korean War increased demand for German goods. 3. The absence of military spending allowed focus on reconstruction.
