IB History Topic Disenfranchisement Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB History Topic Disenfranchisement Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Disenfranchisement

Jim Crow Era Exclusion

Disenfranchisement is the deliberate denial of voting rights (both the right to vote and the right to be elected).
1. In the Jim Crow South, African Americans were systematically excluded from the political process through violence, poll taxes, literacy tests, and legal loopholes, despite protections in the 15th Amendment.
After 1876, Southern white elites used violence, intimidation, and election fraud to suppress Black voting rights.
1. This continued despite protections like the 15th Amendment and the Enforcement Acts.
2. The Enforcement Acts (1870–1871) were federal laws designed to protect African Americans’ civil and voting rights, particularly against groups like the Ku Klux Klan.
Supreme Court rulings weakened federal protections.
1. United States v. Cruikshank (1876) and U.S. v. Reese (1875) reduced federal power to defend African American voting rights.
2. These rulings enabled widespread voter suppression across the South.

Case study

United States v. Cruikshank (1876)

Originated from the Colfax Massacre, where over 100 Black men were killed.
The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could not prosecute individuals for civil rights violations.
This decision severely weakened the Enforcement Acts.
It allowed white supremacist violence to go largely unpunished in the Reconstruction South.

U.S. v. Reese (1875)

Concerned enforcement of the 15th Amendment.
The Court ruled that the federal government could not penalize local officials for denying a Black man the right to vote unless race was explicitly cited as the reason.
This ruling opened the door to poll taxes, literacy tests, and other racially “neutral” voter suppression tactics.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Disenfranchisement

Jim Crow Era Exclusion

Disenfranchisement is the deliberate denial of voting rights (both the right to vote and the right to be elected).
1. In the Jim Crow South, African Americans were systematically excluded from the political process through violence, poll taxes, literacy tests, and legal loopholes, despite protections in the 15th Amendment.
After 1876, Southern white elites used violence, intimidation, and election fraud to suppress Black voting rights.
1. This continued despite protections like the 15th Amendment and the Enforcement Acts.
2. The Enforcement Acts (1870–1871) were federal laws designed to protect African Americans’ civil and voting rights, particularly against groups like the Ku Klux Klan.
Supreme Court rulings weakened federal protections.
1. United States v. Cruikshank (1876) and U.S. v. Reese (1875) reduced federal power to defend African American voting rights.
2. These rulings enabled widespread voter suppression across the South.

Case study

United States v. Cruikshank (1876)

Originated from the Colfax Massacre, where over 100 Black men were killed.
The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could not prosecute individuals for civil rights violations.
This decision severely weakened the Enforcement Acts.
It allowed white supremacist violence to go largely unpunished in the Reconstruction South.

U.S. v. Reese (1875)

Concerned enforcement of the 15th Amendment.
The Court ruled that the federal government could not penalize local officials for denying a Black man the right to vote unless race was explicitly cited as the reason.
This ruling opened the door to poll taxes, literacy tests, and other racially “neutral” voter suppression tactics.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Disenfranchisement Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Disenfranchisement

Jim Crow Era Exclusion

United States v. Cruikshank (1876)

U.S. v. Reese (1875)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Disenfranchisement

Jim Crow Era Exclusion

United States v. Cruikshank (1876)

U.S. v. Reese (1875)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account