IB History Topic Racism and Violence Against African Americans Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB History Topic Racism and Violence Against African Americans Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Racism and violence against African Americans

The roots of the African American Civil Rights Movement stretch back to the abolitionist movement before the Civil War.
A major turning point came in 1954 with the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education.
1. This began to dismantle the Plessy v. Ferguson precedent of “separate but equal.”
This case study for Paper 1 focuses on the period 1954–1964.
However, to understand the basis and structure of systemic racism in the US, we must look back to the second half of the 19th century.
We will also study:
1. Different strategies and organizations that led legal challenges.
2. Small-scale activism before 1954.
3. The post-1954 era of widespread mass protests, which challenged deeply resistant U.S. institutions and demanded full equality for African Americans.

Background

During the American Civil War (1861–65), President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation (1863).
It declared all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory to be free.
This shifted the Civil War’s focus to include the abolition of slavery as a Union war aim.
After the Civil War, the Constitution was amended:
1. 13th Amendment (1865): Abolished slavery.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Racism and violence against African Americans

The roots of the African American Civil Rights Movement stretch back to the abolitionist movement before the Civil War.
A major turning point came in 1954 with the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education.
1. This began to dismantle the Plessy v. Ferguson precedent of “separate but equal.”
This case study for Paper 1 focuses on the period 1954–1964.
However, to understand the basis and structure of systemic racism in the US, we must look back to the second half of the 19th century.
We will also study:
1. Different strategies and organizations that led legal challenges.
2. Small-scale activism before 1954.
3. The post-1954 era of widespread mass protests, which challenged deeply resistant U.S. institutions and demanded full equality for African Americans.

Background

During the American Civil War (1861–65), President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation (1863).
It declared all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory to be free.
This shifted the Civil War’s focus to include the abolition of slavery as a Union war aim.
After the Civil War, the Constitution was amended:
1. 13th Amendment (1865): Abolished slavery.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Racism and Violence Against African Americans Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Racism and violence against African Americans

Background

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Racism and violence against African Americans

Background

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account