IB History Topic Political Causes: Constitutional Reforms Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB History Topic Political Causes: Constitutional Reforms Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Political Causes: Constitutional Reforms (1989-1994)

Slobodan Milosevic’s Rise to Power in Serbia (1986–1989)

Turning point in Yugoslav politics
1. Milosevic’s ascent marked a major shift in Yugoslavia.
2. He openly embraced Serbian nationalism, something Tito had deliberately suppressed.
3. To centralize control, he relied on mass rallies, media propaganda, and political purges (see more information on Milosevic in the corresponding section).
Anti-bureaucratic revolution
1. Milosevic replaced leaders in Vojvodina, Kosovo, and Montenegro with loyalists.
2. This gave Serbia four votes in the eight-member federal presidency.
3. The move was essential to his goal of establishing Serbian dominance within Yugoslavia.

Note

The Structure of Executive Power in Yugoslavia

1974 Constitution and power-sharing
- Yugoslavia adopted a collective leadership system instead of a single president.
- Power was designed to be shared equally among the six republics (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, and Serbia) and two autonomous provinces within Serbia (Vojvodina and Kosovo).
Federal presidency
- Each of these eight units had one representative in the presidency.
- This meant the presidency was made up of eight members, each with one equal vote.
- It functioned as a collective head of state, with a rotating chairmanship.
- Major decisions had to be made by consensus or majority vote.
Milošević’s disruption of balance
- After taking control of Serbia, Milošević installed allies in Kosovo, Vojvodina, and Montenegro.
- This gave Serbia control of over four out of the eight votes.
- The shift created a powerful bloc, upset the federal balance, and alarmed other republics, fueling Yugoslavia’s political unraveling.

Milosevic’s “Yogurt Revolution” and Moves in Kosovo (1988–1989)

The Yogurt Revolution in Vojvodina (1988)
1. Milosevic orchestrated a populist movement in Vojvodina, culminating in the removal of its leadership.

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Note

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Political Causes: Constitutional Reforms (1989-1994)

Slobodan Milosevic’s Rise to Power in Serbia (1986–1989)

Turning point in Yugoslav politics
1. Milosevic’s ascent marked a major shift in Yugoslavia.
2. He openly embraced Serbian nationalism, something Tito had deliberately suppressed.
3. To centralize control, he relied on mass rallies, media propaganda, and political purges (see more information on Milosevic in the corresponding section).
Anti-bureaucratic revolution
1. Milosevic replaced leaders in Vojvodina, Kosovo, and Montenegro with loyalists.
2. This gave Serbia four votes in the eight-member federal presidency.
3. The move was essential to his goal of establishing Serbian dominance within Yugoslavia.

Note

The Structure of Executive Power in Yugoslavia

1974 Constitution and power-sharing
- Yugoslavia adopted a collective leadership system instead of a single president.
- Power was designed to be shared equally among the six republics (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, and Serbia) and two autonomous provinces within Serbia (Vojvodina and Kosovo).
Federal presidency
- Each of these eight units had one representative in the presidency.
- This meant the presidency was made up of eight members, each with one equal vote.
- It functioned as a collective head of state, with a rotating chairmanship.
- Major decisions had to be made by consensus or majority vote.
Milošević’s disruption of balance
- After taking control of Serbia, Milošević installed allies in Kosovo, Vojvodina, and Montenegro.
- This gave Serbia control of over four out of the eight votes.
- The shift created a powerful bloc, upset the federal balance, and alarmed other republics, fueling Yugoslavia’s political unraveling.

Milosevic’s “Yogurt Revolution” and Moves in Kosovo (1988–1989)

The Yogurt Revolution in Vojvodina (1988)
1. Milosevic orchestrated a populist movement in Vojvodina, culminating in the removal of its leadership.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Political Causes: Constitutional Reforms Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Political Causes: Constitutional Reforms (1989-1994)

Slobodan Milosevic’s Rise to Power in Serbia (1986–1989)

Milosevic’s “Yogurt Revolution” and Moves in Kosovo (1988–1989)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Political Causes: Constitutional Reforms (1989-1994)

Slobodan Milosevic’s Rise to Power in Serbia (1986–1989)

Milosevic’s “Yogurt Revolution” and Moves in Kosovo (1988–1989)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account