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Third Republic (1871–1914) Notes
Establishing the Third Republic (1871–1890)
The Third Republic was born after France’s defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) and the fall of Napoleon III.
Its start was rocky: Paris radicals established the Paris Commune (1871), which was violently suppressed by government troops.
Monarchists were still powerful in the early years and wanted to restore a king, but disagreements among them prevented a full restoration.
The new Republic relied on fragile coalitions in parliament, which made governing unstable.
Boulangisme (led by General Georges Boulanger in the late 1880s) threatened the Republic by rallying nationalists, monarchists, and discontented groups. His sudden fall in 1889 saved the Republic, but it showed how fragile it was.
The Dreyfus Affair was a political scandal in France from 1894 to 1906, centering on the wrongful treason conviction of Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish artillery officer.
Crises and Divisions (1890–1914)
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What event marked the birth of the Third Republic?
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Note
The Third Republic was established in France following the country's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War and the collapse of Napoleon III's regime. This period marked a significant transition from monarchy to a republican form of government.
The Franco-Prussian War ended in 1871 with France's defeat, leading to the fall of the Second Empire
The National Assembly proclaimed the Third Republic in 1871
The new government faced immediate challenges, including political instability and social unrest
DefinitionThird Republic
The republican government of France from 1870 to 1940, established after the fall of the Second Empire.
Analogy
Think of the Third Republic's birth like a phoenix rising from the ashes of defeat - it emerged from the ruins of war and monarchy, but its survival was far from guaranteed.
