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The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) Notes
The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
Context
Spain and Portugal were the leading maritime powers in the late 15th century.
After Columbus’s voyage in 1492, Spain and Portugal both laid claim to overseas territories.
To avoid conflict, the Pope mediated, leading to the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494).
Terms of the Treaty
The treaty divided the non-European world between Spain and Portugal along an imaginary line (the Tordesillas meridian), approximately 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands.
Spain was granted lands to the west (the Americas), while Portugal received lands to the east (Africa, Asia, Brazil).
Papal approval reflected the religious authority still exercised over global politics.
Significance
It legitimized and formalized overseas expansion as a matter of state policy rather than ad hoc exploration.
It marked the first international agreement on dividing overseas territories, setting a precedent for later treaties.
Portugal secured Brazil (discovered in 1500 by Cabral), while Spain consolidated control in the Americas.
It reflects how exploration was already seen in terms of empire and global rivalry.
Impact
For Spain
Guaranteed dominance in the Americas
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What territory did Portugal secure as a result of the treaty?
