Social & Economic Change in the Enlightenment Era Notes
Growth of Cities
Urbanization increased as populations grew and more people moved to towns and cities for trade, crafts, and work.
Cities became centers of commerce, education, and Enlightenment debate.
New consumer markets grew in cities, with rising demand for goods like books, newspapers, and luxury items.
Overcrowding, poor sanitation, and inequality also increased, showing that urban growth had both positive and negative effects.
Painting shows agricultural practices in motion (plowing, livestock management, and organized fieldwork), illustrating how agricultural change transformed food production.
Agricultural Change
The Agricultural Revolution improved farming methods and productivity during the 17th and 18th centuries.
Crop rotation (e.g., Norfolk four-course system) replaced old methods, helping restore soil fertility and increase yields.
The spread of new crops like the potato and maize provided more reliable food sources.
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Note
The Enlightenment era, spanning the 17th and 18th centuries, was a period of profound transformation in European society. This era witnessed significant changes in urbanization, agriculture, and social structures, laying the foundation for modern society.
The Enlightenment was characterized by a shift towards reason, science, and progress
These changes were not isolated events but interconnected developments that influenced each other
Analogy
Think of the Enlightenment era as a complex machine where each part (urbanization, agriculture, social change) works together to drive progress.
DefinitionEnlightenment
A period in European history (17th-18th centuries) marked by intellectual and cultural growth, emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights.