IB History Topic Reconstruction Revision Notes (HL)

IB History Topic Reconstruction Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Presidential Reconstruction (1865–1867)

After Lincoln’s assassination in April 1865, President Andrew Johnson implemented a lenient plan that allowed Southern states to rejoin the Union quickly if they ratified the 13th Amendment (abolishing slavery) and swore loyalty to the U.S. government.
Johnson offered pardons to most Confederate leaders and landowners, allowing prewar elites to regain political power and reestablish white-dominated state governments.
Many Southern legislatures then passed Black Codes, restrictive laws that limited the freedom and rights of freed African Americans, effectively reimposing slavery in all but name.

Case study

Andrew Johnson and the Struggles of Reconstruction (1865–1869)

Presidential Reconstruction

Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction (1865–1867) offered lenient terms to former Confederate states, allowing them to rejoin the Union quickly with minimal conditions.
He pardoned many ex-Confederates and allowed Southern states to form new governments that soon passed Black Codes, laws restricting the rights and mobility of freed African Americans.
His leniency angered Radical Republicans in Congress, who sought to guarantee civil and political rights for freedmen.

Conflict with Congress

Congress responded with the Civil Rights Act (1866) and the 14th Amendment, granting citizenship and equal protection under the law.
Johnson vetoed these measures, but Congress overrode his vetoes.
Tensions culminated in Johnson’s impeachment (1868) after he violated the Tenure of Office Act by removing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton without Senate approval.
He narrowly avoided removal from office by one Senate vote.

Legacy

Johnson’s presidency is often viewed as a failure of leadership during a critical turning point in U.S. history.
His opposition to Radical Reconstruction delayed progress on racial equality and left the South dominated by former Confederates.
Despite surviving impeachment, his weak presidency paved the way for Ulysses S. Grant’s election (1868) and a more assertive federal Reconstruction policy.

Definition

Black Codes

Laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the freedom and labor rights of African Americans, especially their labour choices, movement, and legal rights.

Definition

Impeachment

The process by which a legislative body formally charges a government official with misconduct; Johnson was the first U.S. president impeached.

Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction (1867–1877)

Outraged by Johnson’s leniency, Radical Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction. Their goal was to reshape Southern society and guarantee civil rights for freedpeople.

Nice try, unfortunately this paywall isn't as easy to bypass as you think. Want to help devleop the site? Join the team at https://revisiondojo.com/join-us. exercitation voluptate cillum ullamco excepteur sint officia do tempor Lorem irure minim Lorem elit id voluptate reprehenderit voluptate laboris in nostrud qui non Lorem nostrud laborum culpa sit occaecat reprehenderit

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Presidential Reconstruction (1865–1867)

After Lincoln’s assassination in April 1865, President Andrew Johnson implemented a lenient plan that allowed Southern states to rejoin the Union quickly if they ratified the 13th Amendment (abolishing slavery) and swore loyalty to the U.S. government.
Johnson offered pardons to most Confederate leaders and landowners, allowing prewar elites to regain political power and reestablish white-dominated state governments.
Many Southern legislatures then passed Black Codes, restrictive laws that limited the freedom and rights of freed African Americans, effectively reimposing slavery in all but name.

Case study

Andrew Johnson and the Struggles of Reconstruction (1865–1869)

Presidential Reconstruction

Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction (1865–1867) offered lenient terms to former Confederate states, allowing them to rejoin the Union quickly with minimal conditions.
He pardoned many ex-Confederates and allowed Southern states to form new governments that soon passed Black Codes, laws restricting the rights and mobility of freed African Americans.
His leniency angered Radical Republicans in Congress, who sought to guarantee civil and political rights for freedmen.

Conflict with Congress

Congress responded with the Civil Rights Act (1866) and the 14th Amendment, granting citizenship and equal protection under the law.
Johnson vetoed these measures, but Congress overrode his vetoes.
Tensions culminated in Johnson’s impeachment (1868) after he violated the Tenure of Office Act by removing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton without Senate approval.
He narrowly avoided removal from office by one Senate vote.

Legacy

Johnson’s presidency is often viewed as a failure of leadership during a critical turning point in U.S. history.
His opposition to Radical Reconstruction delayed progress on racial equality and left the South dominated by former Confederates.
Despite surviving impeachment, his weak presidency paved the way for Ulysses S. Grant’s election (1868) and a more assertive federal Reconstruction policy.

Definition

Black Codes

Laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the freedom and labor rights of African Americans, especially their labour choices, movement, and legal rights.

Definition

Impeachment

The process by which a legislative body formally charges a government official with misconduct; Johnson was the first U.S. president impeached.

Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction (1867–1877)

Outraged by Johnson’s leniency, Radical Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction. Their goal was to reshape Southern society and guarantee civil rights for freedpeople.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Reconstruction Notes

Presidential Reconstruction (1865–1867)

Andrew Johnson and the Struggles of Reconstruction (1865–1869)

Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction (1867–1877)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Presidential Reconstruction (1865–1867)

Andrew Johnson and the Struggles of Reconstruction (1865–1869)

Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction (1867–1877)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics