IB History Topic Populist Leaders in Argentina & Peru Revision Notes (HL)

IB History Topic Populist Leaders in Argentina & Peru Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Background

Populism in Latin America emerged after the Great Depression (1929), when traditional elites failed to protect workers and farmers from economic collapse.
New leaders used nationalism, social reform, and mass mobilization to gain support from the working class.
Both Juan Domingo Perón in Argentina and Getúlio Vargas in Brazil promised to modernize their countries, reduce inequality, and defend national sovereignty from foreign control.
Their regimes mixed authoritarianism with charismatic leadership, combining genuine social reform with political repression.

Definition

Authoritarianism

Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the consolidation of power in a single leader or small group, limited political pluralism, repression of dissent, and little to no accountability to the public.

Rise to Power and Legitimacy

Perón (Argentina)

Rose from the army after the 1943 military coup that ended conservative rule.
As Minister of Labor, gained loyalty from workers through social benefits and labor rights.
Elected president in 1946 with the support of trade unions and the poor (descamisados).
His wife Eva Perón expanded his popularity through welfare programs and women’s political participation.

Vargas (Brazil)

Came to power through the 1930 Revolution, overthrowing the Old Republic controlled by coffee elites.
Established the Estado Novo (New State) dictatorship in 1937, claiming to defend national unity.
Built legitimacy through labor reform, industrialization, and nationalist propaganda.
Returned as a democratically elected president in 1951, showing lasting popularity among the working class.

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Definition

Paywall

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Background

Populism in Latin America emerged after the Great Depression (1929), when traditional elites failed to protect workers and farmers from economic collapse.
New leaders used nationalism, social reform, and mass mobilization to gain support from the working class.
Both Juan Domingo Perón in Argentina and Getúlio Vargas in Brazil promised to modernize their countries, reduce inequality, and defend national sovereignty from foreign control.
Their regimes mixed authoritarianism with charismatic leadership, combining genuine social reform with political repression.

Definition

Authoritarianism

Rise to Power and Legitimacy

Perón (Argentina)

Rose from the army after the 1943 military coup that ended conservative rule.
As Minister of Labor, gained loyalty from workers through social benefits and labor rights.
Elected president in 1946 with the support of trade unions and the poor (descamisados).
His wife Eva Perón expanded his popularity through welfare programs and women’s political participation.

Vargas (Brazil)

Came to power through the 1930 Revolution, overthrowing the Old Republic controlled by coffee elites.
Established the Estado Novo (New State) dictatorship in 1937, claiming to defend national unity.
Built legitimacy through labor reform, industrialization, and nationalist propaganda.
Returned as a democratically elected president in 1951, showing lasting popularity among the working class.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Populist Leaders in Argentina & Peru Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Background

Rise to Power and Legitimacy

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Background

Rise to Power and Legitimacy

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account