IB History Topic Internal Challenges Revision Notes (HL)

IB History Topic Internal Challenges Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Causes of Internal Challenges under the Qing

Population Pressure
1. By the late 18th century, China’s population surpassed 300 million, creating food shortages, land disputes, and famine.
Corruption
1. The Qianlong Emperor’s later reign saw rising corruption, especially under his favorite official Heshen, weakening administration and morale.
Tax Burden
1. Peasants faced heavy taxation and forced labor demands, even as government efficiency declined.
Religious and Secret Societies
1. Millenarian sects like the White Lotus Society offered spiritual comfort and promises of salvation, appealing to desperate peasants.
Government Neglect
1. Qing officials failed to address local grievances, focusing instead on imperial luxury and border defense.

Definition

Heshen

Infamous corrupt official during Qianlong’s reign.

Definition

White Lotus Society

Buddhist sect promoting salvation and equality; later viewed as anti-Qing.

Case study

The White Lotus Rebellion (1796–1804)

Causes and Outbreak

The White Lotus sect promised the coming of the Maitreya Buddha, symbolizing renewal and justice.
Peasants angered by land loss and taxation joined the movement, mainly in Hubei, Sichuan, and Shaanxi provinces.
The rebellion began in 1796 under the guise of a religious revival.
Spread rapidly as local officials failed to contain it.
Initially underestimated by the Qing, who dismissed it as a small sectarian uprising.

Effects and Consequences

The rebellion lasted eight years, costing the Qing massive resources and exposing military weakness.
Guerrilla warfare and harsh terrain made it difficult for imperial armies to suppress.
The Qing finally used local militias and bribery to divide rebel factions.
Revealed decline in central control and dependence on provincial power.
Marked the start of frequent peasant rebellions, foreshadowing later uprisings like the Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864).

Nice try, unfortunately this paywall isn't as easy to bypass as you think. Want to help devleop the site? Join the team at https://revisiondojo.com/join-us. exercitation voluptate cillum ullamco excepteur sint officia do tempor Lorem irure minim Lorem elit id voluptate reprehenderit voluptate laboris in nostrud qui non Lorem nostrud laborum culpa sit occaecat reprehenderit

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Causes of Internal Challenges under the Qing

Population Pressure
1. By the late 18th century, China’s population surpassed 300 million, creating food shortages, land disputes, and famine.
Corruption
1. The Qianlong Emperor’s later reign saw rising corruption, especially under his favorite official Heshen, weakening administration and morale.
Tax Burden
1. Peasants faced heavy taxation and forced labor demands, even as government efficiency declined.
Religious and Secret Societies
1. Millenarian sects like the White Lotus Society offered spiritual comfort and promises of salvation, appealing to desperate peasants.
Government Neglect
1. Qing officials failed to address local grievances, focusing instead on imperial luxury and border defense.

Definition

Heshen

Infamous corrupt official during Qianlong’s reign.

Definition

White Lotus Society

Buddhist sect promoting salvation and equality; later viewed as anti-Qing.

Case study

The White Lotus Rebellion (1796–1804)

Causes and Outbreak

The White Lotus sect promised the coming of the Maitreya Buddha, symbolizing renewal and justice.
Peasants angered by land loss and taxation joined the movement, mainly in Hubei, Sichuan, and Shaanxi provinces.
The rebellion began in 1796 under the guise of a religious revival.
Spread rapidly as local officials failed to contain it.
Initially underestimated by the Qing, who dismissed it as a small sectarian uprising.

Effects and Consequences

The rebellion lasted eight years, costing the Qing massive resources and exposing military weakness.
Guerrilla warfare and harsh terrain made it difficult for imperial armies to suppress.
The Qing finally used local militias and bribery to divide rebel factions.
Revealed decline in central control and dependence on provincial power.
Marked the start of frequent peasant rebellions, foreshadowing later uprisings like the Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864).

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Internal Challenges Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Causes of Internal Challenges under the Qing

The White Lotus Rebellion (1796–1804)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Causes of Internal Challenges under the Qing

The White Lotus Rebellion (1796–1804)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account