Notes for Impact of War on Civilian Populations in Britain and the Soviet Union - IB | RevisionDojo
Impact of War on Civilian Populations in Britain and the Soviet Union Notes
The Blitz was the intense and sustained bombing campaign conducted by Nazi Germany against the United Kingdom from September 1940 to May 1941, during World War II. The campaign, whose name is a shortened form of the German word Blitzkrieg ("lightning war"), primarily targeted London and other major industrial and port cities across Britain.
Britain
The British people experienced total war, meaning that civilians were heavily involved in supporting the war effort.
The Blitz (1940–41) saw German bombing raids on London and major cities. Thousands were killed, and many homes were destroyed.
Children were evacuated from cities to the countryside to keep them safe from air raids.
Rationing of food, fuel, and clothing was introduced.
Women took on jobs traditionally held by men.
Civilian morale remained relatively high.
Post-war, the hardship led to increased support for social reforms and the creation of the welfare state.
A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that involves destroying anything that could be useful to an enemy, including infrastructure, resources, and food supplies. It is often implemented by a retreating army to slow down an enemy's advance or by an advancing army to punish or demoralize the population.
Soviet Union
The USSR suffered the highest civilian casualties of the war, (over 10 million civilian deaths.)
Entire towns and villages were destroyed, especially during the Siege of Leningrad, which lasted nearly 900 days.
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What does total war mean?
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Introduction to Total War
Total war is a concept where the distinction between military and civilian targets becomes blurred, and entire societies are mobilized for the war effort.
In both Britain and the Soviet Union during World War II, civilians became active participants in the war, facing hardships and making significant contributions.
The impact of total war on civilian populations was profound, affecting every aspect of daily life.
DefinitionTotal WarA form of warfare where all resources, including civilian, economic, and military, are mobilized for the war effort, and civilian targets may be attacked.
AnalogyThink of total war like a game where everyone, not just the players, is involved - even the audience becomes part of the game.
ExampleIn Britain, women worked in factories producing weapons, while in the Soviet Union, entire factories were relocated to avoid destruction.
